Learning Ideas for Students with a Tactile, Kinesthetic Learning Style

Notes On Value Fund Dividend Scheme - 1200 Words

CHAPTER 5 FINDINGS As per Sharpe Measurement the accompanying are the conclusion: Value Fund Dividend Scheme: The SBI Fund, as per Sharpe estimation is situated one. In spite of the fact that HDFC Fund got second rank. The SBI Fund is got third rank while JM cash related resource got fourth rank. Value Fund Growth Scheme: UTI Fund is put first rank, JM money related Fund and HDFC Fund share second and third positions independently and SBI Fifth rank. Differentiating and showcase give back all Funds is low returns. Adjusted Fund Dividend: as indicated by Sharpe estimation, JM fiscal resource is situated One, SBI resource is situated two and UTI resource is situated Three and HDFC finance Forth rank. By differentiating and market give back every one of the benefits are getting low returns. Adjusted Fund Growth: According to Sharpe model SBI resource is set at first situated, JM financial resource and UTI store share second and Third positions and HDFC Forth rank independently. Differentiating and promote give back every one of the advantages are low. By looking at al the plans .i.e., SBI, UTI and HDFC, JM monetary assets that the all plan is disturbing more than the all plans. As indicated by Trenor estimation: Value Fund Dividend Scheme: The SBI Fund, as indicated by neither treynor estimation is situated one. Despite the fact that HDFC Fund got second rank. The UTI Fund is getting third rank and JM cash related resource is Forth rank. When contrasted with businessShow MoreRelatedGAAP in the U.S. and the UK5685 Words   |  23 Pagesprinciples in the United States (â€Å"US GAAP†). Differences which have a significant effect on the consolidated net profit and shareholders’ funds of the Group are set out below. While this is not a comprehensive summary of all differences between UK and US GAAP, other differences would not have a significant effect on the consolidated net profit or shareholders’ funds of the Group. The differences have been shown as gross of tax with the related taxation shown separately. Cost of sales Under UK GAAPRead MoreFinancial Markets and Financial Instruments in Nepal6667 Words   |  27 Pagestraded- loaned or borrowed-in-terms of different financial assets or instruments stocks and bonds are traded. Securities means shares, stock, bond, debenture, debenture stock issued by a corporate body or a certificate to unit saving scheme or group saving scheme issued by any corporate body in accordance with the prevailing laws or negotiable certificate of deposit or treasury bill issued by Nepal Government and it includes the securities issued under full guarantee of Nepal Government by a notificationRead MoreFactors Determining Long-Term Financial Requirements2007 Words   |  9 Pagesat reasonable rate of interest. Long Term Financing Products The following products are provided as part of long term financing services: * Debentures * Interest Rate Swaps * Secured Notes * Forward Rate Agreements (FRAs) * Unsecured Notes * Interest Only Futures * Convertible Notes * Option on Future Contracts * Fixed Deposit Loans * Subordinated Debt * Mortgages * Preference Shares * Euro-issues Debentures are long-term Debt Instrument, which is not backedRead MoreComparative Study of Mutual Funds and Bank Deposits3146 Words   |  13 PagesMutual Funds vs Fixed Deposits: Compare which is better! Comparison between mutual funds and fixed deposits is a long debate, especially when it comes to a comparison between fixed deposits and debt mutual funds. Even a few years ago, any conservative and risk averse investor would think investing in bank fixed deposits is better than mutual funds (debt or otherwise). Nevertheless, the market scenario has changed a lot in the recent years, and many a mutual funds family has come up with interestRead MoreFins1612 Final Exam 20064791 Words   |  20 PagesSouth Wales School of Banking and Finance FINS 1612 Capital Markets and Institutions Final Examination Session 1 2006 Instructions: Time allowed: 2 hours + 10 minutes reading time During reading time the candidate is not to make any notes. Total number of questions: 90 (1 mark each) All questions are to be answered. This exam constitutes 50% of your grade. Write and sign your name and student number on the examination question paper. Also enter your name and registrationRead MoreFinancial Management4387 Words   |  18 Pagesmanagement policies and structures 1. Capital investment decisions 1. Financial decisions 2. Dividend decisions 3. Investment decisions 3. Working capital management 4. Risk management 5. Strategic decisions 6. Social, ethical and environmental decisions 7. Evaluation of usefulness of Hermes principle Appendices 1) Retail gearing 2) Share 3) Dividend paid 4) Business model 5) Profitability 6) Working capital cycle 7) Revenue 8) Bibliography Read MoreFinancial Analysis of Nestle6942 Words   |  28 Pages(Karnataka) factory in 1989 and the Samlakha (Haryana) factory in 1992. The Ponda (Goa) factory started operations in 1995. The Company set up its sixth manufacturing unit in 1997 at Bicholim in Goa NESTLE’S BRANDS Quality and nutritional value are the essential ingredients in all of the nestle’s brands. Millions of people  prefer Nestlà © products every day, happy with the addition to their wellness that they bring. If you are looking for a specific brand our product, just use the alphabeticalRead MoreDereciation as a Source of Fund2579 Words   |  11 Pagesequipment is purchased, an accountant would reflect that the company now owns a million dollar asset. Without depreciation, the company would still show a million dollar asset on the books even though we all know the equipment s value is decreasing. As such, the company s value would be overstated in the books. I found this from Wikipedia, so I believe the above answer should be modified. From Wikipedia - Depreciation recognized for tax purposes will, however, affect the cash flow of the companyRead MoreKaplan P4 Mock Exam8652 Words   |  35 Pagesthe Black-Scholes model of option pricing. If d1 0, add 0.5 to the relevant number above. If d1 0, subtract the relevant number above from 0.5. KAPLAN PUBLISHING Page 5 of 14 ACCA P4 Advanced Financial Management Present value table Present value of  £1, i.e. (1 + r)-n where r = discount rate n = number of periods until payment Periods (n) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Periods (n) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1% 0.990 0.980 0.971 0.961 0.951 0.942 0.933 0.923Read MoreSwot Analysis : Hedge Equities1723 Words   |  7 Pageshours (10 am to 11pm) in commodities trading. 3. Currency Trading You can to diversify your portfolio from traditional asset classes by Investments in Currency Derivatives. Currency derivatives means contracts between the sellers and buyers, whose values are derived from the underlying assets, the currency amounts. These are the basic risk management tools and money markets used for the purpose of hedging risks and act as insurance against unforeseen and unpredictable currency and interest rate movements

How to Drive a Stick Shift Free Essays

How to drive a stick shift vehicle Driving a vehicle with manual transmission, also known as â€Å"driving stick†, can be confusing and or very difficult for people of all ages. Many drivers go through life without even owning a vehicle with a manual transmission. Learning to drive stick is a skill that can come in handy as this style of vehicle is very popular. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Drive a Stick Shift or any similar topic only for you Order Now Written instructions are no substitute for hands on activity. Driving standard is a skill acquired by time and cannot be achieved by just reading up on it. One of the most useful ways to start learning the art of driving a manual transmission or stick shift is to familiarize yourself with the car’s clutch. You should already know what the gas and brake pedals do. Get in the car and make sure the emergency brake is engaged. Get a feel for the clutch by putting pressure on it and releasing it for several minutes. This is also a good time to look at the gear shifter, which is usually located on the center console to the right of the driver. There is usually a map of the gear patterns on the head of the stick shifter, studying this before you are ready to go is a must. If the guide is worn away and unreadable, you should use the car’s manual to find out the mapping of the gears. Another strategy to use would be to pull in the clutch and get a feel for where the gears engage. Once you understand where the gears are, without actually pressing the gas pedal, pretend you are driving and practice speeding up. (Making the sounds is optional and can be humorous. Put the clutch to the floor and put the car in first gear. Pretend you are driving and while speeding up push in the clutch to shift into another gear. Do this for the rest of the gears until you feel comfortable shifting. When coming to a stop, you can do two things. You can push the clutch in and keep the car in gear, or you can put the shifter in the neutral position and let the clutch back up. It is sometimes good to put a stick shift in neutral while stopped , to ease the strain on your leg and foot, and also to lessen wear and tear on your clutch. When you are ready to go again, simply press the clutch to the floor and put the shifter into first gear, and give the vehicle a little gas. If you pull the clutch out too fast and give it little gas the car may stall, but to not be discouraged if you do so. Stalling a car with a manual transmission happens to the best of drivers. Once you learn how to do it, and after a little practice, driving a stick shift is fairly easy. It becomes a habit and you’ll find yourself driving a standard vehicle like it’s no big deal. For many, this is a more exciting and fun way to drive a vehicle or truck. How to cite How to Drive a Stick Shift, Essay examples

Evaluative Report and Project Plan

Question: Discuss about the Evaluative Report and Project Plan. Answer: Introduction This report is based on essential concepts of training and development which is necessary at every workplace. The training process is implemented at every workplace according to its requirements and it is necessary that training and developing process should be effective to teach employees about working conditions of a particular workplace. To successfully run a training process, there is requirement of essential driving forces. According to Noe and Winkler (2012), there are some major driving forces exist that may influence training and development process such as sustainability, globalization, organizational strategy, technology, economic changes, customer services and quality emphasizing etc. All these driving forces are helpful to provide a successful training to staff members. The purpose of making this report is to discuss most significant driving force, among above mentioned driving forces for our current workplace. Besides this driving force we will select a general area that we wish to focus on for training development and its program. Next essential topic to discuss in this report is development of a basic project plan that is related to development and evaluating of training process at workplace. Most Significant Force for Training at Workplace Before start discussion about significant force for training at workplace, it is better to know basic meaning of training. Training basically refers to a planned effort by a company to learning of jobs competencies for an employee. The major competencies are skills, behavior and knowledge and these are critical for successful job performance. The main goal of a training is to master the knowledge, skill and behavior that emphasized in programs of training. Therefore, to implement this important process of training, there is requirement to have an effective driving force. The selected force to implement training process successfully is Technology. This has been selected as most the significant force for training process because at our workplace the use of advanced technology is required to compete effectively. At our workplace, sustainability and globalization are already in action for training process, but lack of usage of advanced technology at workplace in training and regular acti vities is poor. Therefore, we are enhancing use of advanced technologies in our organization, because it will help us to globalize our business more and to communicate overseas with clients and customers without problem. This is the main reason that we consider, technology most significant force for our workplace. The technology has reshaped the way of our working at business workplaces. Internet, smartphones and computers are best examples of technologies and these have made our work so simple and easier. E-Commerce or online business is also example of increasing business online. Therefore, the training for these techniques and tools has become so important for every business organization. Most of the potential customers demand for implementation of these techniques are at workplaces. General Area for Development of Successful Training Program For implementing a successful training program with a significant force at workplace, there is requirement to select a general developing area and that selected area is improvement in team work skills for process area. To run business projects successfully team work is important. An individual cannot complete a project, different employees are required to work together on a project to complete this on time and within budget. Therefore, we want to focus on this general area of team work. At our workplace, it is commonly encountered that employees do not response effectively in team work, even they have lack of knowledge to work in team. Therefore, to achieve an effective team work it will be better to develop training program in this general area at our workplace. There are some basic reasons that why we have selected this general area for training purpose and that reasons are listed as below: 1.From this training program about team work, employees will know how to effectively work in a team. 2.Through this training program, trainers will teach how complex projects can be resolved in teams by assigning different modules of work to every team member. 3.To complete projects within predefined deadline and budget, training program will be helpful. Good business outcome can be achieved. Due to above discussed reasons, we would like to implement training program for improving team work at our workplace. It is a significant way to improve areas where an organization is lacking and may encounter problems in competitive market. Development of Basic Project Plan by Training Design Process In above segments of report, we have already discussed about required force for training program and general area for this program at our workplace. Now in this segment of report, we will emphasize on development of basic project plan by using training design process. Training Design Process The training design process refers to a systematic approach that is used for developing training programs. There are some essential steps in this designing process that are required to follow and that steps are listed as below: Step1: it is to conduct needs evaluation and it is known as Conducting Needs Assessment. Step2: This step is to ensure that employees have motivation and basic skills that are required to master the training content. Step3: This step is related to creation of learning environment with features important for learning. Step4: This step ensures that trainees apply the training content at their jobs. Step5: It is required to develop an evaluation plan. Step 6: This step is related to selection of a training method that is based on learning objectives and environment. Step7: This step is concerned with evaluation of program and make changes in it. Now by using these training design process, we will develop a basic project plan on development and evaluation of training process that we want to implement at our workplace and this training process is for improving team work skills (SHRM, 2017). Project Plan by using Training Design Process for Team Work Improvement Directing Needs Assessment: Under this step of training design process for improving team work, we will evaluate actual needs for implementing team work. In this process, organizational analysis, person analysis and task analysis where team work is required, will be done. Ensure Willingness of Employees for Training It is an important step of training design process and under this step, willingness of employees is ensured to know that they have potential to work in a team or not. To achieve this, attitudes, motivation and basic skills of employees are analyzed. Creation of Learning Environment According to this step of design process of training, all requirements must be considered to create an effective learning environment. Therefore, to improve skills of team work at work place, we will create learning environment for this by considering some essential features such as learning objectives, practice, feedback, required and meaningful material, modeling and program administration. Ensure Training Transfer After implementing training process at workplace, it is essential to ensure that training is delivering to all employees or not. It is not an easy task to perform, but to achieve this, self-management and peer and manager support is required. The peer and manager support helps employees to manage their training at their own level by contacting with trainer and by asking queries regarding team work. On another side, in self-management it is responsibility of trainer to ensure about training transfer. Selection of Training Method The selection of training method is an important thing to do in process of training. It will be better to select a method that is easier to provide training to trainees. So to give training to improve team work, we have decided to use e-learning method that is so much easy to adapt by trainers and trainees can also understand easily with this. Monitoring and Evaluation of Program This is last step of training design process and it is related to monitoring and evaluation of program for which we are giving training. To evaluate that all employees are learning effectively about team work or not, we will conduct periodic evaluation, improve program and will make changes. In this way, by using above listed steps of training design process, we will develop our project plan for improving team work at workplace (Noe, 2012). Project Plan Resources Required Who will I need to Consult Who will I need to Inform Start Date Completion Date Notes Directing Needs Assessment Evaluate actual needs for implementing team work. Feedback of projects managers regarding a particular project, organizational analysis, person analysis and task analysis. Project managers and senior staff members Top Level Management 15-3-2017 18-3-2017 - Ensure Willingness of Employees for Training The willingness of employees is ensured to know that they have potential to work in a team or not. Attitudes, motivation and basic skills of employees are analyzed. HR Manager HR Department 19-3-2017 21-3-2017 - Creation of Learning Environment All requirements must be considered to create an effective learning environment. Consider some essential features such as learning objectives, practice, feedback, required and meaningful material, modeling and program administration. Professional Trainees in Business Organization Training Development Department 21-3-2017 22-3-2017 - Ensure Training Transfer To ensure that training is delivering to all employees or not. The self-management and peer and manager support is required. Trainees of a particular training process Training Development Department 23-3-2017 23-3-2017 - Selection of Training Method It will be better to select a method that is easier to provide training to trainees. Use e-learning method that is so much easy to adapt by trainers and trainees. It is possible in a way that trainees can get 24/7 hours accessibility of service and enhance collaboration in significant cost. Technical Expert Technical Department 24-3-2017 25-3-2017 - Monitoring and Evaluation of Program It is related to monitoring and evaluation of program for which we are giving training. Periodic evaluation, improvement in existed programs and implementation of new changes. Project Team Project Manager 26-3-2017 29-3-2017 - Figure: Template of Project Plan Conclusion After this whole discussion we can say that, in this report we have discussed about some important concepts to do work at workplace effectively. From these concepts we got to know importance of training, skills and qualification at a workplace and how employees and management should do efforts to give importance to these concepts and its implementation to run business in better way in this competitive world. References Noe, R., Winkler, C. (2012). Employee training and development (1st ed.). SHRM.(2017). How to Conduct a Training Needs Assessment. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/how-to-guides/pages/conduct-training-needs-assessment.aspx

Statues Analysis Statue of a Wounded Warrior and Perseus with the Head of Medusa by Antonio Canova

Alternative Medicine

Alternative Medicine Free Online Research Papers Over the last decade, there have been growing concerns over the cost of prescription drugs and the inequitable investments accompanied with it. Consumers are constantly being deceived as they spend money on high priced drugs that tend to keep phony promises. â€Å"Spending in the U.S. for prescription drugs was $162.4 billion in 2002, 4 times larger than the amount spent in 1990† (Kaiser). Imagine if these amounts of money could be spent on something more useful than processed drugs. Money could be spent more intelligently by reinforcing other forms of healing which, can also directly impact the brain just as effectively as drugs. These types of natural remedies have been proven by ample research to be substantially more beneficial than chemical drugs. In fact, the only time ‘medicine’ could ever be harmful is when it contains side effects. Why would anyone want to take risks of harming themselves for the sake of self -healing. Television commercials constantly promote drug use and range from a variety of different drugs, whether it be aspirin or anti-depressants, any type of chemical intake can always have hazardous risks because of it‘s artificial production, it‘s not considered ‘natural’ to the body. Any commercials that are advertising prescription drugs always manages to point out all of the benefits the drug exhorts; such as rapid pain relief, and quick acting substances that will surely alter the user‘s mental state. Except, for some reason they always seem to mention the lengthy list of side effects at the very end of the ad, where it is said in a very low tone, that is ridiculously fast and can barely be understood. The general public is being trained to take â€Å"magical pills† that will â€Å"magically† make a person feel better. This soci ety has taught everyone to be overly rushed. People rush so frequently that they forget about taking care of vital priorities in their lives; such as their mind, body, and soul. Keeping these three important aspects of life balanced, and at healthy states can be extremely helpful. Hence, the definition of health, â€Å"a positive state of physical, mental, and social well-being † (Sarafino p 2). In this modern age, health is not solely seen as just a physical aspect. A healthy body produces healthy emotions, which in turn produces a healthy life style. People are not aware that our brain is a warehouse of chemicals waiting to be put to use to support our actions in our daily lives. For example, those who exercise claim to feel â€Å"very good† after a good work-out. The same neurotransmitter Dopamine, which activates motivation, movement, and reward, can be released while taking a recreational drug and also while doing natural movements of the body such as exercising, laughing, and feeling happy. Lack of this hormone can lead to depression. People have to become aware of the simple movements that can encourage a pleasant state of mind. There have been many cases where therapies and exercises of the mind and body have greatly improved behavior naturally, without use of pharmaceutical drugs. Even though these types of therapies exist, they are generally not recogniz ed by the general public compared to the constant drug exposure that is all over the news, television, and radio broadcasts. It has been made a common belief in the United States that a â€Å"miracle pill† will make all the troubles go away. This, unfortunately, is not always the case. â€Å"Although the prescription drug spending is a relatively small proportion (11%) of national health care spending, it is one of the fastest growing components, increasing at double digit rates in each of the past 8 years. National prescription spending increased from 15% from 2001 to 2002, compared to an 8% increase for physician and clinical services and a 10% increase for hospital care†. (Kaiser) The motives for this dramatic increase in prescription costs are due to devious and heinous acts of crimes that allows the government to take money from it’s loyal citizens who in return receives deceptive medical treatment that at times can cause more harm than good. There are many people who can’t afford any type of health insurance. This often leads certain populations with no options to choose from. People are paying for high priced medication that profits billions of capita per year, from artificially producing toxic chemicals that may cause us harm yet we consume it as if it were a life saver. There are three main factors contributing to these increases; the primary being the aggrandizement of medications being prescribed. From 1993-2003-, the number of prescribed prescriptions purchased increased 70% (from 2 billion to 3.4 billion), compared to a U.S. population growth of 13%; the average number of prescriptions per capita increased from 7.8 to 11.8. (Census Bereau, 2003). Secondly, newer and higher priced drugs are the new replacements for older, less expensive drugs. Retail prescription prices have increased an average of 7.4% a year from 1993-2003 (Nat. Assoc. of Chain Drug Stores). Lastly, since there are newer drugs being produced, the research and development activities of pharmaceutical manufacturers and government-supported research have also sky rocketed. Manufacturer research and development spending increased from $12.7 billion in 1993 to an estimated $33.2 billion for 2003, with research and development estimated to be 17.7% of sales in 2003 (Pharm. Res. Ma nufacturers of America). With all this money being spent, it was no wonder pharmaceutical manufacturers were the nation’s most profitable industry from 1995-2002. Now, although it may be beneficial to have the advantage of being able to purchase medical aid directly with money, at the same time, money is a very large factor why not everyone can afford treatment. How is it that the government can offer excess amounts of medication but will not allow everyone to have vital access to it’s ‘necessary benefits‘. A recent survey found that 37% of the uninsured said that they did not fill a prescription because of cost, compared to 13% of the insured. A 2001 survey of seniors in 8 states (42% of US adults age 65+) found that in the last 12 months, 35% of seniors without prescription drug coverage either did not fill a prescription 1 or more times or skipped doses of medicines to make the prescription last longer, compared to 18% with drug coverage (Kaiser, 2003). This type of behavior is highly inappropriate and most definitely unnecessary for anyone to go through. People should not have to worry about the money they spend on medical treatment. Nor should they ever have to choose whether or not to buy medicine based on their financial situation. It clearly shows that those who have a higher income can easily afford better services, which are not always available to those who have a lower income. Fortunately, there are a variety of other options to choose from if you do not agree on putting harmful chemical substances in your body. There are ‘alternative ways’ of healing where a person can be completely cured through mind and body exercises which can help a person resolve conflicts found within themselves. One type of healing is therapy, however there are several kinds of therapy; such as psychotherapy, behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, phytotherapy, acupunctural therapy, couples therapy, divorce therapy, growth therapy, interpersonal therapy, and that is just a few to say the least. Psychotherapy is the treatment of mental and emotional disturbances and disorders using psychological methods. It is used to help people solve problems, achieve goals, and manage their lives by treating a variety of mental health issues. This type of therapy is mainly used to treat conditions such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, phobias, and substance abu se. Unlike some other therapies, psychotherapy is limited to conversations. Drug therapy and any other physiological treatment methods are excluded from these procedures. This practice concentrates directly on the person’s behavior, it helps the person better understand what they are undergoing and the reasons behind them. Yes, it may be a bit more complicated than simply raising an elbow and swallowing a pill. The reason why natural healing is so beneficial is because it can not only be just as powerful as a drug, but it is unquestionably safer than some of the severe side effects or allergic reactions these chemicals can produce in our bodies. In one study of emotional disclosure in people with rheumatoid arthritis, Kelley, Lumley, and Leisen (1997) found that people who had written about their emotions had significantly less physical dysfunction than those assigned to a control condition. There is also some evidence that psychological interventions can help post-heart attack patients who are depressed. In a review of that literature, Linden and colleagues (1996) reported that psychosocial interventions can decrease depression, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and cholesterol levels in CHD patients. Moreover, patients who did not receive psychosocial treatment were 1.7 times more likely to die from their CHD- and 1.8 times more likely to have another heart attack in a 2 -year follow-up period- than patients who were treated for their depression and anxiety. (Butcher et al.,2007). These positive behaviors include methods such as self-monitoring, reinforcing, and cognitive restructuring. This type of behavior seems to be safer than exposing the body to harmful substances which commonly lead to mental and physical dependence. It was supposed to be a short course of treatment with tranquilizers after the death of her infant son 15 years ago. But Lynn Ray, 46, of Germantown, MD., says her abuse of the anti-anxiety drug Xanax and other prescription drugs led to a long struggle with addiction that nearly ruined her life. These tranquilizers, which slow down the central nervous system and cause drowsiness, surely numbed Ray’s agony, helped her sleep, and untied the relentless knot in her stomach. Soon, however, although her doctor prescribed one pill in an eight-hour period, she took two or three in an attempt to intensify the calming effect of the drug. Most patients take medicine responsibly, but approximately 9 million Americans used prescription drugs for non-medical purposes in 1999, according the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Also, many people are deceived about the amount of harm these pills can contain because they think since it is coming from a ‘trusted’ source that no harm is involved. One other type of therapy that is very useful is the management of behavior, or behavioral therapy. This is the use of therapeutic procedures based primarily on principles of classical and operant conditioning. Simply put, a person learns to train themselves to behave in a more controllable, appropriate manner by completely transforming the once problematic behavior into a more subtle disciplined reaction. â€Å"Behavioral approaches play a major role in helping people alter dangerous lifestyle choices such as smoking and excessive alcohol use, (Butcher et al). There are thousands of people of varied ages who are uncontrollably addicted to cigarettes and alcohol. Most of them struggle with the addiction, while most do not realize that a problem exists. Cognitive therapy is the form of effectual therapy that essentially, focuses on the client’s thoughts rather than feelings or behaviors. These changes in thoughts aid to solve psychological and personality problems. In 1971, Arnold Lazarus discovered a process that cognitively restructures stress-provoking thoughts and replaces them with more constructive or realistic thoughts (Sarafino). Another cognitive approach is designed to help clients solve problems within their lives. With problem-solving training, clients learn a strategy for identifying, discovering, or inventing effective or adaptive ways to address problems in everyday life (D’Zurilla,1988; Nezu Perri,1989). This type of practice enables a person to clearly define a problem, which leads to generating a variety of possible solutions and choosing the best course of action. Evidence indicates that problem-solving training reduces anxiety and other negative emotions (D’Zurilla, 1988). Some cognitive-based approaches use a variety of methods to help support people coping with any type of problem. Donald Meichenbaum and his colleagues have developed a procedure called stress-inoculation training that is designed to teach people skills for alleviating stress and achieving personal goals (Meichenbaum Cameron, 1983) Researchers have also examined the effects of various behavioral relaxation techniques on selected stress-related illnesses. Therapy can address a wide range of concerns such as depression, relationship crisis, parenting problems, emotional distress, career issues, substance abuse, significant loss, and clinical disorders or conditions. The key to therapy is to provide life-enhancing help in fulfilling aspirations for personal growth and self-improvement. There are numerous relaxation methods that can be used in order to alleviate stressful feelings. Massaging for example, has several forms that vary in the degree of pressure applied, causing different sensations depending on the type of stroke that is applied. Surprisingly, massages have many health benefits. Massaging has been showed to calm the nervous system and promote a sense of relaxation and well being. It also improves blood circulation, which is essential to delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells. Stimulation of the lymphatic system is caused by massaging, this improves the body’s process of waste removal. By stimulating the muscles through massage, it can prevent and relieve muscles from uncomfortable cramps and spasms. Also, massage therapy can also help with pain management in conditions such as arthritis, sciatica, and muscle spasms (Brown 2007). Studies also show that massage therapy can reduce anxiety and depression (Moyer, Rounds, Hannum, 2004). It also helps reduce hypertension, some types of pain, and asthma symptoms; some evidence indicates that it may bolster immune function (Field, 1996,1998). A type of therapy that is familiar to most but tremendously underestimated is meditation. Meditation is an altered state of consciousness characterized by a sense of deep relaxation and loss of self awareness ( Kosslyn Rosenberg 2004). Mediators experience a â€Å"relaxed, blissful, and wakeful state† (Jevning et al., 1992, p 415). Like most other therapies, there are many distinctive forms of meditation that can specifically alter certain aspects of the mind. For example, there is ‘concentrative meditation’ which would challenge a person to concentrate on one single stimulus, while disregarding the rest of the environment. Another form of meditation is called ‘opening-up meditation’ which is a more advanced form of concentration that eventually develops skills to merge with the environment one is in. Regular meditation reduces tension and anxiety (Carlington, 1977) and decreases levels of stress (MacLean et al., 1997) as well as cardiac measur es such as blood pressure (Barnes et al., 2001). Although meditation helps people relax, it has a broader purpose: to develop a clear and mindful awareness, or â€Å"insight† regarding the essence of one’s experiences, unencumbered by cognitive or emotional distortions (Hart, 1987; Sole-Leris, 1986). Meditation aims at the mindful awareness component that essentially helps individuals who suffer from chronic pain to release the cognitive and emotional distortions they have along with their pain. Still, the main question of concern for stress management is whether meditation is a useful procedure for alleviating stress in daily life. Research as generally found that it is (Lichstetin,1988). Concentrating more on how to control the mind rather than depending on a substance can greatly improve behavior. Yoga for example, is a type of mental and physical exercise that prioritizes the mental use of concentration in order to have control over the mind. Practicing yoga can yield a vast array of benefits which practicioners often claim create a complete reversal of medical conditions. The benefits vary based on poses practiced, and the intensity (measured by awareness, not sweat) and duration and frequency of practice. Today, modern scientists confirm the benefits of yoga practice for general health and well-being. The following are a few general health benefits that can be gained by practicing yoga, relieves fatigue, boosts energy levels, boosts immune system, reduces stress, improves focus, alleviates insomnia, normalizes blood pressure, tones heart muscles, improves circulation, prevents osteoporosis, relieves arthritis, reduces gastritis reduces acidity, relieves stomac h aches, improves sinus conditions, and can even alleviate addictions and eating disorders (Cirone, 2001). Although alternative medicine sounds relieving for most symptoms, some people have doubts about what natural medicine can do versus chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery treatments used on cancer. Surgery is a more frequently preferred treatment because if the cancer is localized, surgery can be very effective. However, if not all the cancer is eliminated, the patient’s symptoms may disappear for a time-or â€Å"go into remission†- only to return at a later date (Sarafino 2007). The other form of therapy is radiation, which in high doses damages the DNA of cells. Since radiation affects both healthy and malignant cells, the affected areas of skin may suffer irritation, itching, peeling, blistering, burns, or hair loss. Common side effects are diarrhea, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, mouth problems, sexual changes, swelling, trouble swallowing, urinary and bladder changes, loss of appetite, sterility, and reduced bone marrow function. Most of these side effects go away within 2 months after radiation therapy is finished. Late side effects may first occur 6 or more months after therapy and may include infertility, joint problems, lyphedema, mouth problems, and secondary cancer (National Cancer Institute 2007). In the days preceding radiation treatment, individuals often worry about these side effects and report heightened anxiety (Anderson, Golden-Kreutz, DiLillo, 2001). Out of all these side effects, none of them are beneficiary to the patient. How could someone produce a form of therapy that can simultaneously be highly harmful to the patient. When chemotherapy is requested, patients receive powerful drugs usually orally or by injection, that circulate through the body to kill cells that divide very rapidly (AMA, 2003; Williams, 1990). A major problem with this therapy is that the drugs also kill many normal cells that divide rapidly, which can produce adverse side effects, including reduced immunity to infection, sores in the mouth, hair loss, nausea, and vomiting, and damage to internal organs (ACS, 2004, AMA, 2003). Although most of these effects are temporary, these are not suitable conditions for anyone during any time, especially if one is already physically weak from the cancer itself. It is always important to know that â€Å"cancer is caused by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, and that high stress can promote progression of the disease. Environmental factors include smoking tobacco, diet, ultraviolet radiation, and household and worksite chemical hazards, among others† (Sarafino 2007). By looking at the information provided earlier, it clearly states that alternative medicine such as cognitive therapies, meditations, or massages can significantly reduce stress and improve well being overall. The difference between natural medicine and prescription medicine is clear, although they both essentially ‘cure’ the person, except one consists of synthetic chemicals which are being forced into the body, causing the body to withdraw the poison by having severe side effects. In conclusion, scientific studies can clearly show the emphasis of positive and negative effects caused by certain treatments. There are most definitely many other different varieties of alternative medicine that do not strictly have to adhere to prescription pills. Whether a pill is ecstasy, or just an aspirin, it’s still a drug and it still means that it can have influences on your thoughts and behavior. I think there is enough money being spent on pharmaceutical drugs, this money should be put to use by figuring out more positive, motivational changes that can be applied to behavior; instead of ignoring it and taking substances to numb the pain. Doctors at this time need to worry less about the money they make and more about the people they save. Research Papers on Alternative MedicineThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductGenetic EngineeringArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Bionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Psychology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Psychology - Assignment Example Psychology is the Science that create an understanding towards a logical thinking ability keeping humane in concise. It is a science which is not new but with us right from the human civilization. It is the way where an understanding is built up about the behaviour of a person, and methods could be devised to enhance what is lacking in the personality and how well an individual be groomed to have a sound and congenial influence on the society or social ambience of the individual. Besides the fact that lot of research has been carried out we are still at the tip of the iceberg to further dwell towards the understanding of psychology. So far an immense collection of theories that have been postulated over the years have been made and studied along with varies protocols and experiments that have been performed to resolve behaviour issues. Theories postulated are for different kinds of behaviour and not the same for all kinds of behavioural issue. Based on psychological theories humans are classified into various patterns and syndromes. Psychology helps these individuals to recover various therapeutic problems. Thus psychology encompass a study of behaviour including the activities and reactions; and the internal progression of views and judgments. The term "psyche" means soul and "logos" means a study. Thus psychology is not confined to any core study but it encompass a complete understanding of the nature as well as the way it was nurtured under a given set of conditions. Psychology sets its goal for its study as: Description of the issue or the subject, explanation, prediction of the possibilities and modifications that are possible. 1. Description- It describes the performance, that an individual displays and based on this analysis a psychologists try to comprehend if this attitude or behaviour is under normal or acceptable limits. For this, a psychologists analyzes, opinion and views, emotions, beliefs, mind-set, outlook and approaches,