Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Danone History Essay

1.history: The original company bearing the corporate name was founded in 1919 by Isaac Carasso, a Spanish physician of Greek origin, in Barcelona. In 1923, he came up with a unique treatment for patient with digestive problems and he developed a product that he distributed though pharmacies and drug stores, and which soon became a big success-yoghurt. The factory was named Danone, a Catalan diminutive of the name of his first son, Daniel Carasso. Ten years later, the company moved from Spain to neighboring France and the first French factory was built. In 1949, the yoghurt was firstly packaged in a glass can. In 1951, this glass package replaced the porcelain can which was used before and because of this change the yoghurt became more popular and very common in diary healthy alimentation. In 1968, Danone was firstly announced in TV. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njZNtHoM6ZQ Some years later, they extended their brand by producing â€Å"petit suise† (1972), â€Å"Natillas† (1974) and also the first non-fat (1985). In 1988, Danone commercialized â€Å"Bio Yoghurt†, which nowadays helps us with digestive matters. In 1992, Danone was the main sponsor of the Barcelona 92 Olympic Games which added more popularity to the company. One year later, Danone Institute was born. The aim of this institute is to improve the citizen nutrition habits. In 1995, Danone continued extending its brand by incorporating Actimel, which supposed a revolution in the alimentary world due to its purpose of defense. In 1998, Danone was the official sponsor of France football world championship. 2 years later, they create the official website of Danone: www.Danone.es. In 2004, Danone commercialized â€Å"Danacol†, a product which aim is to reduce cholesterol in a simple and efficient way. Danone launched a campaign in order to encourage families to lead a healthy lifestyle :†Danone Family†. In 2006, Danone started producing soya yoghurts 100 % vegetal. DANONE NOWADAYS†¦ Since 1998, Groupe DANONE has been organised in three business divisions worldwide which, in 2004, represented more than 97% of its consolidated sales: Fresh Dairy Products which groups together yoghurts, desserts and infant foods represent about 50% of the Groupe’s consolidated sales,  Beverages, essentially packaged water, which represent about 25% of consolidated sales and Biscuits and Cereal products, which represent about 22% of consolidated sales. The motors of this supported growth are: a strong health/ well-being positioning, at the heart of concerns of consumers and new consumption opportunities (times or places) combined with the dynamism of the growth of emerging countries. This focus on 3 dynamic categories allows the company to have a determining strategic asset at its disposal to continue to display a growth rate that is higher than the average in the sector. 2.Internationalization: Balanced geographical presence Today nearly 31% of the company’s sales are on emerging markets. This brings Danone close to its target, which is to do 40% of business on emerging markets and 60% in developed countries – a balanced presence that means they benefit from both the high potential of developing economies and the steady demand of more mature markets. In recent years, Group DANONE has built up strong positions on emerging markets to take the number-one place in each of their three core businesses. This successful international expansion rewards a strategy focusing on a limited number of countries, selected for their growth potential, where Danone has the size to achieve significant economies of scale. Products within the reach of most consumers, high-profile brands, and effective, wide-ranging distribution for sales close to consumers are the essential components of our model for profitable growth on emerging markets, which we sum up as affordability, awareness and availability. In Western Europe, too, Group DANONE can look forward to continued, steady growth, building on strengths that include well-established positions. World leadership built on local strength In each of its business lines Danone is a world leader, which gives it a clear competitive advantage in terms of marketing expertise, industrial efficiency, breadth of product ranges and R&D. And in each case, world leadership is built on strong number one positions on local markets, enabling the company to forge both close ties to consumers and balanced, long-term relationships with major retailers., unrivalled familiarity with  local consumers, and a recognized capacity for effective innovation http://www.danone.com/en/company/global-presence.html 3.INTERNAL CHACARTERISTICS: VALUES/FUNCTIONS/ SWOT: -Strengths- In this part of the SWOT analysis we will focus on the strengths of the company. * Brand loyalty Danone disposes of an excellent background which, along with the consumer’s product perception creates this brand loyalty which allows the demand to be inelastic. Therefore Danone guarantees its sells stability. (falta rollo) * Innovation thanks to Danone Institute, this company is able to invest on a regular basis, in R&D, obtaining from it new product lines which fulfill consumer’s needs. * Distribution channels Since the beginnings Danone reaches daily every single supermarket in every corner of the world thanks to its perfectly adapted transportation system which maintains all the products fresh and ready to be consumed. * Danone has a perfect flow of information inside the company. Information travels perfectly, up and down the hierarchical pyramid. Departments have coordination policies in order to take the maximum profit of their resources. This philosophy gives a chance to creativity and allows to improve current product lines as well as to launch new ones. -Weaknesses- * Danone depends basically on daily products. We consider that if the company really wants to keep growing and becoming one of the multinational leaders, it should diversify its income sources. * A main problem Danone has, when willing to grow by exporting outside the EU is that its products are fresh and with a short caducity period. Therefore, if the company wants to take good positioning in foreign markets, it must invest in new facilities. Another option would be to create new product ranges of non-refrigerated yogurts which caducity periods are longer. -Opportunities- Danone Vitalinea has a strong presence in the fat free yoghurt market. Its 56% market share gives Danone the opportunity to invest in R&D in order to launch to the market new fat free products and sell them to the same  consumers. Taking advantage of the increasing personal image concern, Vitalinea should be one of the strongest ranges of Danone Yoghurts, in order to properly supply the latent demand. Some segments of the population are not a target for Danone, and this should change. Danone should be a brand that consumers would buy every time they go to the store. Danone should be a brand that every family should have at home. The way to achieve it is to differentiate its products by offering special flavours and innovative possibilities. The consumer needs to know that Danone is the only brand that can offer the more specialized products, without forgetting about health, quality and price. -Threats- Danone Vitalinea is facing a market where too many products are offered to the different costumers. As we know, Danone Vitalinea has a 56% yoghurt market share, but competitors actually fight for the rest 44%. Danone offers quality products with high prices and competitors offer lower prices for the same type of products. This means that the consumer should receive a big added value when deciding to buy a Danone product. This market is plenty of imported products from other countries that accomplish with health and quality standards that Danone offers. The critical point is that they offer it at a lower price and if consumers decide to change Danone for another cheaper imported brand and they like it, Danone will definitely loose these consumers.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

For Colored Girls Essay

The movie for colored girls was made based on the novel which is also entitled for colored girls by Ntozake Shange, the movie express the struggles and obstacles that African America women face throughout their life. The movie reveals seven women who are brought together through their own troubles. The movie deals with love, abandonment, rape, and abortions; at the end of the film all seven women come together evoking the power of women hood amongst black African American females. â€Å"Being alive and being a woman is all I got, but being colored is a metaphysical dilemma I haven’t conquered yet! â€Å" -Tangie (a colored girl) The quote that stuck out to me the most was Tangies, (Stated above) the reason why was because a lot of women can relate to not understanding their race. African American women can also feel as though everything about the world in regards to African Americans including theories can be questioned for examples statics state when given by a person in general that. African American women as well as Hispanic women are likely to be considered a single parent rather than a Caucasian. The truth is that a Caucasian is more likely to be a single considered parent thanks Hispanics and African Americans. This truth was specified in my psychology 101 class. It was stated through conversation of stereotyping Tangie (The one who stated) the quote. Her character was a woman who seeked love from different men every night being a bartender at a local hotel. Her character made people view her for what she is and not who she was considered to be. As a young girl my mother’s use to tell my brothers and I to make people treat us as an equal, because we are Kings and Queens. As a child I didn’t understand, now as young women I understand. I am very proud of my color skin as well as the fact of being considered an African American female. The whole ideal about this movie is letting the African American culture know that in order to be accepted we have to accept ourselves first. The movie reveals how strong African American women are, just like they were back when slavery existed. A lot of black women are more successful nowadays. African American women make more money, drive nice cars, and own homes. In the past African Americans women weren’t considered equal as well as men. During slavery women were used (African American women) they worked alongside men in the fields and when finished women would go home do cooking, cleaning, and washing. Being often ignored black women were considered none important, especially not being able to read and write. In the movie it shows how women of the African American race strive for greatness. If it was paid any mind it was the black woman that taught us how to cook and season our food. It was the black woman that taught you how to raise your children. It was black women who were breast feeding and raising your babies during slavery. It is the black woman that had to endure watching their fathers, husbands, and children beaten, killed, and thrown in jail. Black women were born with two strikes against them: being black and being a woman. Through all this, still they rise! It is because of the black women’s strength, elegance, power, love and beauty that bring them together not just the outer beauty that captivates people, but more so what they signify. It is not the fact that they come in all shapes, sizes, colors and shades that people pay attention to. Their inner beauty is what most find appealing, especially in the movie each colored girl stood for something without even realizing it. Their strong spirit, loving and nurturing souls, their integrity, their ability to overcome great obstacles, their willingness to stand for what they believe in, and their determination to succeed and reach their highest potential while enduring great pain and suffering is why this movie captured my attention.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Business Management Expanding Product Overseas Essay

Business Management Expanding Product Overseas - Essay Example The gradual elimination of barriers to the flow of goods, services, and investment, coupled with strong protection of intellectual property rights. Also, "The United States is the largest source of FDI in Mexico, accounting for 65% of total FDI in 2003" (Villarreal, 2005). In spite of the fact that Mexico's GDP in 2004 was $677 billion, the country has a stable political situation and high rates of economic growth. Economic trends and analysis (Villarreal, 2005) show that Mexico proposes great opportunities for the company and can be valued as potential market for this type of equipment. Marketing mix (4 Ps) will be based on the following objectives for the company in Mexico: to initiate co-operative marketing with medical centers and hospitals in the big cities around the country. Product: It combines an insulin pump with a glucose monitor and facilitates data interchange between the two. The use of the integrated system is expected to make it more convenient for people to manage their diabetes. The device does not require a battery, With no wires across the skin, there is no deterioration of the skin surface or other areas inside the skin and no danger of track infection. Place: The products will be delivered by trucks because this is the most economizing way for the company to deliver the goods. There are no transit points needed. The shipping will be 4 times a month. The products will be packed in the USA including an instruction on the Spanish language. Outside resources and customs brokers will be unnecessary as the company covers all the areas of delivery. Th e company will be one of the largest medical equipment companies in Mexico, and its approach of mainly independent distributors would continue to serve it well against other large rivals. Promotion: Advertising messages will be designed to communicate with potential consumers in different regions. Also, it will involve both on-line and offline advertising. The core of promotion will be personal selling and direct marketing. Applied to the device for diabetics, direct marketing refers to consumers being able to order products from their home. Direct marketing will involve a number of different methods which can be used in order to reach, communicate, interest and encourage consumers to buy (Fill, 1999). The main difference from competitors' products is that 'device' is easy to use; it has a smaller size and lower cost while keeping all the basic characteristics of similar products. The basic advantage of this product is absence of seasonality in purchases, which allows the company to calculate revenue growth and the degree of market penetration. In the USA, the company uses similar strategies to reach the target market and increase sales. In the USA, direct mail involves the posting of promotional literature, designed to sell a product or service direct to a potential customer's home and hospitals. In Mexico, direct mail (mainly to hospitals and medical centers) will help the company to reach a widely dispersed target market. A Pricing

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Organisational logistics and organizational management Essay

Organisational logistics and organizational management - Essay Example Low-cost philosophy and family culture are two major shared values of the organization and these values are reflected in all the processes and systems of the organization. The company has a flat structure which allows job sharing, high employee motivation and low labor costs. The company’s adherence to low-cost carrier model appears to be a distinctive organization skill which allows the company to focus on its future growth strategies. PESTLE framework has been used to analyze the external business environment of AirAsia including the political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors that influence the business. The analysis shows that political factors like increased government investments and supportive regulatory environment are favorable for the company whereas, increasing foreign government restrictions hinder future growth strategy of AirAsia. The current economic downturn, increasing fuel costs and volatile exchange rates are creating challeng es for the company however, the increasing trade within and into Asia creates opportunities for company. Social factors including population growth, customers’ willingness to accept low-cost air travel and increasing tourism positively influence the operations of AirAsia. The technological developments allow AirAsia to improve its services by providing more convenience to customers. Although AirAsia faces strong environment challenges however, adherence of company to legal requirements allows company to meet all these challenges. Following this a SWOT analysis has been done to analyze the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of AirAsia. The successful implementation of low-cost business model, specific growth strategies, government support and skilled staff are few major strengths of AirAsia whereas, increased operational complexity, poor decision-making and cost-focused human resource management system are major weaknesses of the company. It has been iden tified that increasing travel demand as a result of increasing population growth and tourism, Open Skies Agreement and influence of social media in industry are major opportunities for AirAsia. Nevertheless, new entrants, over capacity, price war, fuel prices volatility and environmental concerns pose major threats for the company. Following SOWT analysis, four solutions have been identified for AirAsia including fuel hedging, new and standardized aircraft fleet, airport ownership and long-haul travel. Finally recommendations relevant to employee management and motivation and customer relationship management have been provided to AairAsia. Introduction AirAsia is a Malaysian low-cost airline which offers low cost travel to its customers. The company has adopted a low-cost business model and it is the Asia’s largest airline which offers no-frill services (Kurlantzick, 2007). The company was established with an aim to make flying affordable for everyone and today its network co vers more than 20 countries. The company has been able to achieve success in the highly competitive low cost aviation industry through efficient procedures and systems, innovative solutions and passionate approach towards business processes (AirAsia.com). AirAsia Group consists of associated companies which have same strategies and approach. These associated companies include AirAsia X, Indonesia AirAsia and Thai AirAsia. By

Policy analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Policy analysis - Case Study Example Essentially, the reduction in the surgery unit from 30 infections per 1000 patients to 20 infections per 1000 patients is indicative of a 1 percent drop; albeit, this one percent represents a 33% overall reduction in the infection rate as the initial infection rate was 3% and the indicate result was only 2%. Simiarly, the reduction rate in the medical unit was equally as stark; going from 10 patients per 1000 patients all the way down to 5 patients per 1000 patients. This is representative of a 0.5% reduction as the initial rate of infectino was 1% and it went down to 0.05%. This represents an even starker reduction of infection rate of 50%; as compared to the 33% reduction that was indicated above in the surgery unit that has been previously discussed. State A started with a smoking reduction rate of 20% higher than that of State B. Yet, as the states diverged, an even starker level of difference is noted. For instance, State A illustrates increased rates of smoking cessation over time; likely as a direct result of the program that it initiated. On the other hand, State B illustrates no such trends; in fact marking a higher rate of smokers year after year; beginning in 2000 and continuing up until 2010. The initial divergence of 20% at the beginning of the data period (in the year 2000) was compounded over time; up until the point at which State B represented a 68% greater chance of an individual starting smoking and becoming hooked as compared to State A that had succesfully implemented the stop smoking program at the beginning of the

Saturday, July 27, 2019

September 11, 2001 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

September 11, 2001 - Essay Example This paper will show that these changes are fully justifiable in the context of the ends justifying the means. The social contract theory is among the most influential theories in political sciences. The theory proposes that in order to have peace and stability, it is relevant for people give up some elements of their freedom to the ruling parties. Though these principles were used to justify the presence of all-powerful monarch, it was later revised to show that the state also has responsibilities to protect her citizens (Boetke, 2014). This theory shows that stability, real stability, takes sacrifice. The social contract theory proposes that it is necessary to sacrifice some freedoms in order to uphold others. For example, in the current situation, the state is only trying to protect the right to safety by infringing on some of the other rights. Before the terror attacks, the state held no interest in personal information such as banking statements and secret mobile monitoring of suspects. However, opponents of the social contract theory propose that the new regulations make the state more powerful that is good for the citizens. Therefore, the new rules infringe on the rights of citizens that were previously untouchable. There is an argument that it takes the control of the state closer to the monarchs powers that resulted in the revision of the social contract theory (Boetke, 2014). The idea of an all-powerful government would make the contemporary society a little uncomfortable. Opponents also propose that the new rules make no sense because they are an attempt by the state to cover for its mistakes. For example, terrorism is widely viewed to be the product of American involvement in the affairs of the Middle East, especially the support of establishment of the nation of Israel, and American support of that nation in the gulf war. What these opponents fail to realize is that the international policies adopted by the state benefit

Friday, July 26, 2019

Breast Cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Breast Cancer - Research Paper Example Other areas of the breast can also be affected, however, this is rare. Treatment will also vary considering the type of breast cancer and the stage it is in. One can find out if they are a victim to this disease by getting an examination by a physician, a biopsy, a mammography or an ultrasound test. Rates of breast cancer have risen over the years, however there are many women who also fight this disease and survive in America. Men can also suffer from this disease. (society, 2000) Causes of breast cancer The exact factor that causes breast cancer is yet to be pinpointed. Certain factors increase the probability of the cancer’s occurrence. Some can be controlled and modified in order to avoid the onset of the disease; whereas other factors cannot be controlled. There are some main reasons as to why it occurs; Family tree: having family members, especially closely related women in the family such as an aunt, a sister etc. who have breast cancer greatly increases the chances of developing breast cancer. Age: as a person grows older, the chances of breast cancer also increase. Life history: having cancer in one breast increases the likelihood of having cancer in the other breast in the future, or other different types of cancers in the same breast. Menstrual cycle: women with a cycle that started before twelve or ended before fifty five are more susceptible to this disease. Race: black women tend to have stronger potential to avoid the tumor than white women Breast tissue: women with a denser breast tissue as compared to others have a higher probability of developing breast cancer. Giving Birth: having no children or having children at a very late age can also increase the probability of breast cancer occurrence. Studies show that a breastfeeding mother for one or two years has a lesser probability of developing breast cancer. Weight: obese people have a greater probability of suffering from breast cancer than women who have an average body weight. Use of c ontraceptives: The use of oral contraceptives for about ten years or so increases the probability of breast cancer occurrence. Exercise: Exercise has been shown to lower the probability of breast cancer. Alcohol consumption: The rate of consumption of alcohol and the probability of developing breast cancer are directly proportional These are the risk factors that are associated in the development of cancer of the breast in women. Aspects such as age cannot be controlled, as one cannot stop aging, however other factors such as exercise, weight and alcohol consumption etc. can be controlled. (Majure, 2000) Signs, symptoms and diagnosis One of the most common symptoms of breast cancer is a mass or lump in the breast. Other symptoms include dimpling or swelling of the breast, nipple or breast pain, or discharge from the breast or redness. A healthcare provider can confirm whether these signs or symptoms point towards breast cancer. Mammograms are usually used to detect breast cancers. A nd women should at least at the age of forty get regular screen shots in order to prevent the disease or catch it at its earlier stages. A clinical breast exam, CBE, should also be conducted in women in their twenties or thirties in order to be aware of the changes that the breasts are undergoing as well as the early onset of the disease or possibility of the disease. A self-exam of the breast can also be done called a breast self-exam (BSE) by women especially those in their early

Thursday, July 25, 2019

What makes a good leader using Advocate leadership style Research Paper

What makes a good leader using Advocate leadership style - Research Paper Example This paper is going to be concerned with advocacy style which is the strongest from of leadership. Advocates are committed to accomplish whatever mission they have set out using all the available means. They take responsibility for failure and share success and would suffer for the sake of the group. The paper is going to argue that a leader using advocacy leadership style which is the norm in the social work can become a good leader by being assertive, dedicated, humble, flexible and able to use different strategies to get results. In addition he must possess skills such as capacity to inspire, communication skills, leading by example, self-awareness, able to manage conflict among others. Introduction Every successful organization has a successful leader behind it. The problem is that there has not been an agreement among theorists as to what constitutes successful leadership. The trait theorists would argue that it is the innate qualities of leaders that make them successful; the b ehaviorists would argue that it is the behavioral characteristics that make a leader to be effective while still others believe that effective leaders possess certain skills. For ages, we have heard many individuals from different organizations being named as great leaders; for example, Bill Gates and Nelson Mandela. What is leadership and what makes these leaders effective? This is what this paper will try to answer using the advocate leadership style. Effective Leadership Leadership is defined by Stanfield (2009 p. 5) as â€Å"directing behavior of others towards accomplishment of some common objective†. In other words, it is the ability to influence others towards an accomplishment of some set goal. Leadership is often used interchangeably with management or administration but the two concepts mean two different things. While leadership involves influencing people, management involves planning, organizing and controlling. A good manager needs to be a good leader but a good leader does not necessarily have to be a manager. Some people become leaders due to their power to influence or charisma and not because they have management skills. However, good management skills can help in becoming an effective leader. Organizations require good leaders in order to function effectively and beat competition. There are many types of leadership in organizations such as the idealists, diplomats, mentors, achievers, innovators, enthusiasts, and advocates (Northouse, 2010). All of them have different styles of leading but the focus will be on the advocates. The advocate type of leaders according to Kirst-Ashman and Hull (2012, p. 207) are highly committed to the goals of the organization and are most of the times skilled administrators. These are the strongest leaders in any organization as they handle a great deal of responsibility without being too dominating. Moreover, they take their responsibility very seriously and would go to great heights to ensure organizati onal goals or the group missions are achieved (Stanfield, 2009). They are thus willing to suffer for the sake of the team provided they get to where they are heading to. They also do not avoid conflicts and take tasks head on. They are willing to take responsibility for any failures or mistakes but when it comes to achievements, they are shared among all members. Kirst-Ashman and Hull (2012) also consider such leaders as straight-forward and have great concern for the well being of all members in the organization. All these attribute make advocates great leaders and their style is most needed especially in social work where great deal of advocacy is required. So what makes a

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

New York 16 oz. Soda Ban Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

New York 16 oz. Soda Ban - Research Paper Example As statistics show, Americans ingest approximately 55 billion liters of soda yearly, this add up to about 214 liters or 55 gallons per individual.2 This accounts for a large amount of sugary content consumed by one person considering the composition include high level of fructose corn syrup which not only is the top calories source but also the key cause of obesity. Lancet in his research on consumption of soda and childhood obesity demonstrated that: The 12 year olds who drank soft beverages regularly are usually overweight that those who don’t. Those that consume diet soda are indeed consuming poison, since diet soda compose of artificial sweeteners and not caloric sweeteners. They also do nothing to curb obesity, since diet soda and obesity are related in different ways .3 In the year 2010, USA researchers reported that 25,000 people who died were connected to sugary drinks; the beverages were linked with 133,000 victims died of diabetes, 6,000 victims died of cancer and 44,000 victims died of heart disease.4 Although industries involved in producing soft drinks would react against the Michael Bloomberg’s idea to impose a ban on sodas, with the belief that business is more important than the public’s health, they should however admit that a disease like obesity and diabetes is a key issue that not only affect their customers but the whole society at large. Sugar-sweetened drinks are the leading cause of obesity which awareness simply isn’t enough anymore. When we are serious about fighting obesity then we have to be honest about it and courageous about how to tackle it. We believe it is reasonable and responsible to draw a conclusion.5 People’s freedom of choice is also affected. The society, a vehicle of tax of tax payers, who in return have to perform their duty, the score of it helping to cater for medical costs are liked with diseases like obesity, disability and overweight, not forgetting expenses in their

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

MHE503 Survey of Emergency and Disaster Mgt Module 4 SLP Essay

MHE503 Survey of Emergency and Disaster Mgt Module 4 SLP - Essay Example Over the past fifty years these storms have become more destructive and damaging to lives and property. Experts link these changes in storms strengths to global warming. With global warming, tropical or agricultural countries such as the Philippines are the ones that see the devastating effects of nature. With the onslaught of these typhoons, floods are sure to follow. Because of the volume of rain that falls, dams reach their critical levels and can cause flooding to agricultural areas. In these cases, even hydroelectric power plants need to enforce emergency crises plans to assist the communities that may be hit with the dam overflow (Ingles, n.d.). When storms hit the Philippines, the damage to lives and property are devastating. The storms also create a domino effect on low-lying coastal towns. When strong typhoons hit the country, even towns that will not be directly hit by the storm feel its effect through the torrential downpour of rain. This downpour results in landslides and flooding. Since the Philippines is a agricultural country, rains from typhoons not only damage crops but floods totally destroy farmlands. It will take years before the land becomes ideal for vegetation growth and these results in loss of income for farmers and their families who rely on the land. Inconsistent weather patterns have been attributed to global warming (Ng, 2009). Disaster that results from nature ... This monitoring means that they will forecast which provinces will be directly affected by typhoons. There are two seasons in the Philippines. One is the wet season; the other is the dry season. The wet season lasts from June to November, while the dry season is from December to May. Being an agricultural country, the land relies on rainfall to propagate farms. Typhoons can change the volume of rain that will fall, and this can destroy crops. Among its' regions and provinces Baguio city, eastern Samar, and eastern Surigao receive the most rainfall annually. Baguio City has the lowest temperatures, almost similar to those of countries with temperate climates (PAGASA, n.d.). In preparing for disaster response, one of the first steps that need to be implemented is the deployment of response by the local government. This initial response needs to be supplemented by volunteer response groups and neighboring communities. After this initial response, the state will then respond to the emergency that will then assess the extent of the damage to lives and property. This assessment will determine if the damages are extensive in order for government funds to be released in these emergency situations ("Hazard mitigation", 2009). One of the most damaging typhoons in terms of property that hit the Philippines over the past fifty years was Milenyo (international name Xangsane). The storm hit the Philippines on October 25, 2006 (PAGASA, n.d.) and the total damages to lives and property amounted to P6.610B with six of its thirteen regions affected. The capital of country, Metro Manila or National Capital Region felt the onslaught of this super

Monday, July 22, 2019

Educational psychology Essay Example for Free

Educational psychology Essay â€Å"Education† is a broad term that can have many meanings, but it is generally defined as the process of learning and acquiring information. Formal learning in a school or university is one of the most common types, though self-teaching and so-called â€Å"life experiences† can also qualify. Communities around the world place a high value on educating people of all ages, whether formally or informally. It is widely believed that constant exposure to new ideas and skills makes people better workers, thinkers, and societal contributors. Formal Schooling. Most people associate education with schools and classrooms where trained teachers present information to students. Classroom learning generally starts when a child is relatively young — around age five in most countries — and continues until the teenage years. The purpose of most classroom learning is not to prepare a child for a specific job, but rather to help him or her develop critical reasoning and thinking skills. Reading, writing, and math are very common lessons for young learners. As students progress in their schooling, they often come into contact with more challenging subjects like written composition, history, and advanced sciences. Educational Structures Around the World. Different countries place different emphases on education, though some form of schooling is mandatory for young children almost everywhere. Requirements are usually based on the belief that an educated population is best suited for advancement, both internally and internationally. In most places, childhood schooling is offered free of charge; university training is also underwritten with government funds in some places. The Importance of Assessment Exposing students to new ideas and essential facts is only part of most educational goals. Students are also expected to retain most if not all of the information that they learn in school. Teachers and professors commonly use exams and graded assignments to assess learning. Standardized tests are one of the most popular ways of driving curricula and lesson planning throughout the world. These sorts of tests help make sure that all students are learning the same basic things, no matter who their teacher is or where  they attend school. Sometimes, laws also have a role to play, like the United States’ No Child Left Behind Act. This act creates a way to measure how much each child is learning across different school systems to ensure that all children receive a minimum level of knowledge. Advanced University Training Many people choose to extend their formal education beyond what is required by pursuing university studies. Students typically have a wide range of choices when it comes to subject area and degree options, and most schools offer programs at varying levels. Those who are very passionate about a particular topic often choose to study it intently at the graduate level; others who hope to enter certain specialized professions may also seek out more nuanced educational opportunities, such as law school or medical school. Life Experiences and Informal Learning. While book learning is very important, it is not the only form of education. Some individuals are self-taught, which means that they pursue knowledge on their own outside of a formal classroom. Many of these people may have read extensively or may have become experts within a given field. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, for example, was a college dropout. Most of what he learned he taught himself. A range of â€Å"life skills† — things like self sufficiency, independence, and discipline — also frequently come within the broader umbrella of education. Cultural adaptation and the skills needed to engage in society can also be thought of as educational. In most cases, any time a person acquires a new skill or learns to act in a new way, he has been educated in some form or another.

The Subject Matter of Experiments Essay Example for Free

The Subject Matter of Experiments Essay A well-designed experiment tells us that changes in the explanatory variable cause changes in the response variable. More exactly, it tells us that this happened for specific subjects in the specific environment of this specific experiment. No doubt we had grander things in mind. We want to proclaim that our new method of teaching math does better for high school students in general or that our new drug beats a placebo for some broad class of patients. Can we generalize our conclusions from our little group of subjects to a wider population? The first step is to be sure that our findings are statistically significant, that they are too strong to often occur just by chance. That’s important, but it’s a technical detail that the study’s statistician can reassure us about. The serious threat is that the treatments, the subjects, or the environment of our experiment may not be realistic. For example, a psychologist wants to study the effects of failure and frustration on the relationships among members of a work team. She forms a team of students, brings them to the psychology laboratory, and has them play a game that requires teamwork. The game is rigged so that they lose regularly. The psychologist observes the students through a one-way window and notes the changes in their behavior during an evening of game playing. Playing a game in a laboratory for small stakes, knowing that the session will soon be over, is a long way from working for months developing a new product that never works right and is finally abandoned by your company. Does the behavior of the students in the lab tell us much about the behavior of the team whose product failed? Psychologists do their best to devise realistic experiments for studying human behavior, but lack of realism limits the usefulness of experiments in this area. When experiments are not fully realistic, statistical analysis of the experimental data cannot tell us how far the results will generalize. Experimenters generalizing from students in a lab to workers in the real world must argue based on their understanding of how people function, not based just on the data. It is even harder to generalize from rats in a lab to people in the real world. This is one reason why a single experiment is rarely completely convincing, despite the compelling logic of experimental design. The true scope of a new finding must usually be explored by a number of experiments in various settings. A convincing case that an experiment is sufficiently realistic to produce useful information is based not on statistics but on the experimenter’s knowledge of the subject matter of the experiment. The attention to detail required avoiding hidden bias also rests on subject matter knowledge. Good experiments combine statistical principles with understanding of a specific field of study.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Strategies Of The Sangguniang Bayan Members Of Pakil Politics Essay

Strategies Of The Sangguniang Bayan Members Of Pakil Politics Essay The strategies of elected officials at the municipal level in attaining good governance. The strategies of the Sangguniang Bayan members of Pakil, Laguna in attaining good governance. In the history of our government, we can be certain that over centralization is one of its most prevalent characteristics. Even before the Spanish era up to the American period, centralization is an established part of our administration and bureaucracy, together with hierarchal distinction which is one of our customary practices which is part of the behavioral characteristics engraved in our culture and tradition. Conversely, we can also be certain that local autonomy is a century-old vital part of our government. The barangay or barrio system of governing remained, which was later merged with the foreign system of government, although this was not thoroughly learned and accepted by the people. Thus, different laws were formulated and enacted to indigenize methods of governing along with the objective of promoting decentralization of the national government. This decentralization has become a major trend to address the publics assertive reaction to the irresponsiveness and ineffectiveness of the government in providing basic public services. The Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 was enacted following the provision in the Article X of the 1987 Constitution which declares that, the State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments (Brillantes, 2003). The key features of the LGC were presented by Tom S. Villarin in an introduction on the book BEYOND GOOD GOVERNANCE Participatory Democracy in the Philippines (Estrella Iszatt, 2004): grant more powers, resources, authority and responsibility to Local Government Units (LGUs) to enable them to function with limited national support; transform LGUs into local planning units for development and innovative governance; institutionalize people power in local governance; promote the interface and collaboration of Peoples Organizations (Pos), Non-Government Organizations (NGOs), and the private sector with LGUs through sustained partnerships; promote ventures and undertakings between LGUs and POs-NGOs/private sector; and provide measures to enhance fiscal automy of LGUs. Furthermore, LGUs plays a key role in bringing about not just good but better governance to the people. This better performance is necessary because nowadays, elected officials in their respective LGUs are the ones who are responsible in providing solutions for the better implementation of health, livelihood, agricultural policies, etc. For this reason, innovative strategies for the development and progress of a certain province/city/municipality/barangay should be maintained and enacted by elected officials who are competent, accountable, and transparent together with the empowered citizens that are actively participating in the implementation of these strategies. Strategizing may connote competitiveness, an attribute that speaks of striving to get the most out of given conditions, and is an attribute which is rarely found in the local government (Sajo, Santiago Joaquin, 1998). But nowadays, strategizing for the development of the community has become a trend in LGUs. This process works in the viewpoint of involving everyone who is part of the dynamic organization known as government. Also its main objective is the reformulation of new sets of strategies that will apply in LGUs purposes established on a specific vision and mission, which also considers the external and internal conditions of its environment, and works with the commitment to all the stakeholders in the LGUs (Sajo, Santiago Joaquin, 1998). By doing so, this study will be able to examine or reexamine the grassroots of good governance in LGUs which will try to elaborate the governance that the national and local level have been executing. Hence, LGUs as part of the broad politic al spectrum is as dynamic as the national government, and focusing on this small but vital part of the society can direct us to a concrete understanding of governance with politics. The locus of the strategies to be included in this paper is on the LGUs basic and second most numerous component-the municipality. A typical municipality provides basic services for its citizens. Some of these basic services are maintenance of law and order, establishment and monitoring of health centers, providing of livelihood programs for the citizens, and above all, the power to tax. Municipalities are also categorized in terms of income class which will determine certain rules regarding some policies from the national government like the number of councilors it can elect and the designated amount of honorarium or salary the elected officials in the area (Wit, 1967). Moreover, the occurrence of the overshadowing of the Local Chief Executive (LCE) or the mayor to the other elected officials serving in a municipality is very noticeable, which is similar to what is happening in the national government. The LCE overshadows the authority of the Sangguniang Bayan (SB) presided by the V ice-Mayor which consists of the municipal councilors, the Association of Barangay Captain (ABC) president, and the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Federation president. Nevertheless, a municipality can directly present policies that need reformation, reevaluation, reengineering and worst, obliteration for the development of the entire Philippine state. To illustrate further the dynamics of LGUs and its elected officials strategies, this paper include some actual events which is happening or has happened in a particular municipality in Southern Luzon known as Pakil. This can be ideal illustration which will be a great help in tracing the roots of governance in the LGUs, and it can also reveal some real strategies that were being used by elected officials. Pakil is a 5th class municipality which is part of the 4th district of Laguna. The status of being a 5th class municipality means that it has a minimal source of income, with just an appropriate land area occupied by its small population. This municipality is basically an agriculture-based semi-urban district located between the Sierra Madre mountain range and Laguna de Bay. Also, this municipality is subdivided into 13 barangays, 6 in Poblacion (Silangan) while the other 6 are part of the Barrio (Kanluran), and a small barangay located at the Sierra Madre mountain range. Moreover, a part of the Laguna de Bay separates the Barrio into the town proper (Poblacion) of Pakil, and that separation of Pakil between Silangan and Kanluran usually results in disputes among the elected officials who are part of the SB. Alliances of members residing in those two different places is present in the SB. These disputes are can be rooted from the voting behavior of the people from both parts of the municipality. Silangan has less population of voters than Kanluran, and those voters from Kanluran always do block voting. This collective behavior had been viewed as one of the basis of SB members in dealing with issues for the development of the two Pakil. Also the support from the LCE is a significant factor that can determine the outcome of the issues that will be address by the SB. For this reason, the strategies of SB members for the development and progress of the municipality have been visibly or subtly affected by the dichotomy of their interests, the voting behavi or of the public, and pressure from higher authority. The elected officials at the municipal level primarily focus on their duty and function in the coordination and delivery of basic, regular and direct services and effective governance of the inhabitants within its territorial jurisdiction (Sajo, Santiago Joaquin, 1998, p.12). The coordinating and delivering of basic public services is already a given function that needs to be accomplished by those elected officials. However, being an elected official in a certain area, a person is not just accountable in performing the duties attributed with his job, but there is also a need for an actual and public association with the inhabitants of that area to directly address their problems, issues, and concerns. Also an elected official is required to be familiar with the territorial jurisdiction of the municipality. Every streets and sitios together with all the inhabitants of place within its jurisdiction must have a certain impact on the officials plan of action for the overall improvement of the municipality. Anything that the elected officials decide upon that involves any municipal subject matter will definitely affect the municipality as a whole. In the case of the municipality of Pakil, a certain SB member although from Silangan, apart from serving and doing his duty in the municipal hall as the officer of the day and aside from conducting committee meetings, also see to it that he has a time to visit and coordinate with the people on both places. By being able to do so, he would need to travel almost 10 kilometers to reach out to the people in Kanluran. Although time-consuming, through this strategy, that SB member promotes an innovative and direct information gathering strategy which is part of the participatory democracy system of governing. By hearing out the needs, concerns, and suggestions of the people, the SB members can prioritize a certain problem they should address. They can conceptualize and create a very comprehensive and specific solution for the improvement of the situation of the people. This SB members strategy is a very effective and innovative way of involving citizens in local governance. Through this ki nd of information gathering, the elected official opens a new way approaching and answering the needs of the people, which can help them analyze a certain problem or crisis and come up with a good plan of action that will lead to the development and progress of the municipality. Aside from implementing participatory democracy, SB members should have learned and mastered the importance of the skill of good structural planning for community development. This strategy is a requisite that should be broadly understand by the elected officials. Planning is the part where you can discover the strengths and weaknesses of a project, and most importantly, planning can also provide the elected official a chance to have a backup in case that unexpected circumstances happened. In the municipality of Pakil, meetings that were conducted by the SB members under their respective committees usually involve the planning part of the projects they want to initiate. The SB members need to have a good structural planning combined with a comprehensive plan of action which is an appropriate foundation in directly addressing issues and problems of the citizens from both Silangan and Kanluran. The attribute mentioned is a skill-oriented type of strategy. Strategic planning method also involves: 1) evaluating the feasibility of the project, 2) envisioning the results of the project, 3) reviewing of other related project or projects implemented, and 4) speculating the feedback of the stakeholders. The evaluation of the feasibility part of the project includes the budget assessment part. The budget has been the always the first thing to be considered before conducting a certain project. SB members have been able to control funds as committee heads, but the 5th class municipality status of Pakil is always faced by financial limitations which caused delays in projects implementation. To be able to initiate projects, although there is the never ending lack of funds problem, SB members have no choice but to knock on the doors of the office of Governor and office of the Congressman. They just have to wait for the staffs to acknowledge them, and they just need to see to it that they will not get tired to get back and forth to the office to follow up their requests, because these two offices will definitely provide financial assistance for their project, but the assistance has a charge, the political gratitude needs a valid payment in the form of support for the next elections. Another important factor involved in the feasibility of the project is the calculation of the time frame. Time frame considers both the length before and after the projects implementation. The period of time of the project and its characteristic of being a long-term or a short-term solution to a certain problem can also determine a projects success or failure. An appropriate timetable should be followed expansively to avoid disruptions in its duration. The time frame in public works project (e.g. farm to market road) and in a project that follows a fixed schedule (e.g. livelihood seminars and sports leagues), should be comprehensively calculated so that the funds that were intended for the benefit of the people would be efficiently consumed. The second factor that is involved in the strategic planning is the envisioning of the results of the project. Cost-benefit analysis of what would be the outcome of the project is a must. The result of the project must guarantee the improvement of the situation of the people. The envisioning part should also be a determining factor of what is the more important project to be initiated. Another factor of planning is the review of related project which is closely connected with the second factor. By reviewing a related project that was implemented before in a nearby town or area, the project initiator can visualize the outcome he wants to achieve. He can also modify some portion or portions of the related project for its improvement and so that it can apply and be appropriate to the municipality setting. Lastly, speculating the feedback of the stakeholders in the said project is an important factor that should be considered in the part of the planning strategy. Although the planning part is a strategy that is set aside to be done by the elected official, the reaction of the stakeholders is the first thing to consider before implementing a certain project. They are ones who would benefit and gain from the project, which is why assessment of their reaction is important. Stakeholders are individual or group of individuals that the elected officials have to serve, collaborate and work with, deal and bargain with, even compete with, or simply any entity that expects something from the LGU (Sajo, Santiago Joaquin, 1998). They are always expecting something from the elected officials way of governing; they have power that can relatively affect the decisions for a certain program, also they can influence the strategic plans of the officials which will serve for their own purposes and intere sts. These four strategic planning methods can be applied by a certain SB member on the projects for the development and progress of Pakil. Evidently, the strategic planning to implemented in Silangang Pakil or Kanlurang Pakil should have different techniques but should be similar in nature. This strategy is certainly a proficient way of performing the duties and functions as SB members who practice authority and power in a manner which show the attributes of a good leader who have mastered the art and science of public management. Another requisite that is considered as an important strategy in the municipal level of governance is the capability of the elected officials as policy-makers in the local legislative process. The Philippine state and our Constitution vested the authority to the Sangguniang Bayan the power to enact laws known as ordinances. These ordinances are made to apply only in their territorial jurisdiction. But still local government has achieved its territorial powers based on the division determined by the national government. Juan F. Rivera included in his book a section from the article in the Lawyers Journal by Mr. Justice Laurel which explains: A municipality cannot be set up in the position of an imperium in imperio. The municipality, even if it so desires, cannot completely emancipate itself from the central government. An autonomy, partial, sound and constructive, is the most that it can aspire for. Sangguniang Bayan or the Municipal Council is the legislative body in the local government. Its legislative duty is to deliberate and enact ordinances for the efficiency of the governance in the municipality. It is also the counterpart of the Congress of the national government. The legislators in the Congress author house bills, while the SB members as the local legislators authors ordinances. An ordinance is defined as an authoritative decree specifically employed in a municipality or a city to be regulated, implemented and followed in the area. An ordinance also varies its purposes and functions depending on the issue or problem in the subject matter it will going to address. Also, the local legislators, as mentioned earlier, is composed of the Vice Mayor who acts as the presiding officer of the SB, eight councilors (the number of councilors depends on the income and district of a municipality), the SK federation president, and the ABC president. Moreover, an ordinance could only be enacted if it passed a deliberation conducted by the SB members which includes a voting process that needs two-thirds of the vote of the council members. This voting process should take place in a SB regular session. If the vote results allowed an ordinance to pass, then ordinance can be send to the office of the LCE to be approved or vetoed. Typically, a SB member who heads a certain committee authors an ordinance that would directly address issues that involves his committee. Improving the competence of the SB members in making ordinances are made so that they would not waste their time, effort, money, and energy in the process. Probably, this legislative part of municipal governance is the factor that would require formality in its strategies. Thus, SB members should develop their competence in ordinance drafting to ensure its approval from both the people they are governing and the people who have higher authority on them. Furthermore, an elected official as a good policy-maker should consider the following strategies in ordinance drafting and its implementation which consist of: 1) the technical knowledge of the elected official on the drafting of an ordinance, 2) the clarification of the purpose of the ordinance, 3) the validity and effectiveness of the ordinance. A complete ordinance consists of parts which are: 1) the title or caption; 2) the preamble; 3) the ordaining or the enacting clause; 4) the command to do or not to do, and designation of subjects and objects of operations; 5) the penal if a penal ordinance; and 6) the naming of time when ordinance is to take effect. This is the formal methodology of an ordinance, which is usually taken for granted by the elected officials in the municipality. The technical knowledge in ordinance drafting is important because, to implement a certain policy to the people and the place one governs, that elected official should already know and mastered the law he made. By doing so, the elected official is making sure that the content he had included in the policy would be enforced effectively. The elected official should also lead by example in order to make the citizens follow the ordinance he have authored. As mentioned earlier in this paper, ordinances have different purposes and functions which depends in the conditions of the subject matter it will address. Ordinances can be generally classified into five classes namely: police ordinances, financial ordinances, administrative ordinances, franchise or contract ordinances, and improvement ordinances (Rivera, 1956). This is why clarifications on the purpose of the ordinance should be comprehensively explained. The different conditions or circumstances regarding the ordinance should be listed or enumerated, so that the drafted ordinances similarity and distinction to the other laws could be properly presented or modified, if needed. Moreover, the ordinance should be concise, exact, simple, and consistent (Rivera, 1956). Consistency in the words used in the ordinance should be properly observed. Ambiguous and vague terms should be deleted to avoid perplexities in its context. Also, the ordinance is in its best form if it is written in the language understood by most of the citizens in the place where it would be implemented. This attribute is present in the municipality of Pakil, where almost all of the ordinances, memorandums, and resolutions made by the local government are written in Filipino. Lastly, the validity and effectiveness of the ordinance should be clearly presented. A valid and good municipal ordinance is a positive, general and equal in its operation as a law and reasonable in its terms (Rivera, 1956 p. 221). The authority of the municipal ordinance is effective when the LGU and the SB members who make it are organized. The power of the ordinance should also conform to the different laws that were implemented by the national government, the provincial government and other higher government authorities. Most importantly, substance of the ordinance is more important than its form. The strategies on ordinance drafting that were presented will most probably result to a comprehensive ordinance that can be easily passed, enacted and implemented. However, a certain SB member in the municipality of Pakil stated that although an ordinance has been well-craftedly made, other factors could determine its approval. Lack of alliances with the other SB members to achieve the vote of two-thirds is a huge factor that can affect the outcome of the drafted ordinance. If the ordinance will not be approved it can either be set aside for further motion or it can be ignored as if no one considered its content. And the most crucial determining factor is the approval of the mayor or the LCE on the said ordinance. In Pakil, there had been disagreements between the LCE and some members of the SB, resulting to the disapproval of certain ordinances although comprehensively made which can certainly provide beneficial things for the citizens. For this reason, patronage politics is shown as concept that can be a subtle but a very powerful factor that is involve in the governance at the municipal level. Although competence in doing their duties and fu nctions is considered an advantage of elected officials as policy-makers in ordinance drafting, there are still many determinants of what would be the outcome, the approval or disapproval of an ordinance, which can set a huge impact in the development and progress of the LGU. In addition to the strategies of the elected officials as good decision-makers and policy-makers, they must also be familiar or at least have knowledge on good fiscal management. Fiscal policies greatly affect the economic stability of the LGUs, which is why political influence and lack of serious analysis regarding their economic implications should be properly suspended (de Guzman, 1973). Also, the tax of the citizens serves as the bloodline of the LGUs, which is why the elected officials should strategize on how to use it efficiently. The financial and material resources in a municipality are usually very limited. Subsequently, the capacity to use these resources economically is necessary. The elected officials should still know the basics of local budgeting although they are not the ones who will administer the funds. This is necessary because budget estimates are made by the elected officials as part of the projects they are initiating. If the mentioned strategies will be proper ly followed and applied, the improvement and progress of the municipality can be truly achieved. Although the strategies of the elected officials are indicator of progress in the way of governing a certain municipality, in general, good governance in the municipal setting is not just solely determined by their responsiveness in doing their duties and functions. The reactions and feedbacks of the citizens, whether good or bad, affect the strategies they are using for the development and progress of the municipality. As stakeholders, the citizens have the capacity to bargain and lobby policies implemented to them. They have the resources, which is not limited financially or materially, that influenced the strategies of their elected officials. Yet, there is also another influential institution which is the one behind some strategies that were being applied by the elected officials in the LGUsthe Department of Interior and Local Government. Department of Interior Local Government (DILG) is basically the national governments institution assigned in taking care of the affairs of the LGUs, and other attached agencies in the local government. Its powers and functions includes, assisting the president in the general supervision of LGUs which also consists of the promulgation of policies, implementation laws for public order, security and safety, provides assistance with the local government legislations, the training of police force with civil and nationalistic character, and most importantly, the promotion and monitoring of LGUs local autonomy (DILG Website). Usually in a municipality, a DILG officer is assigned to monitor and guide elected officials in their governance. The DILG officer is the one who organizes seminars and trainings that are needed especially by newly elected officials. DILG provides strategies for the elected officials in the seminars and training they conduct, but these strategies are being modified and indigenized so that it could be applicable in the certain places the elected officials govern. The DILG also checks the ability and competence of all the government officials in the LGU he is assigned to. DILG sees to it that the officials in the local government, especially the elected officials, who is part of the government temporarily, will give their best in providing the basic services for the citizens in their jurisdiction. To achieve good governance in the municipality of Pakil, the DILG is also trying their best to link the gap between the LCE and the SB. To the end the disputes between the two branches of the LGU, the DILG organizes dialogues between these two factions. The SB members stated that they are being viewed as an opposing party to the LCE which concentrates the power and authority on the municipality with its office. This kind of misunderstanding between the LCE and the SB is not yet settled, but the DILG still see to it that the two groups, although have their opposing positions will continue to do their duties and functions to deliver basic services to the people. Although the local government is established for the people and by the people, to directly deliver regular and basic services, the people, as part of the government, must also do their duties and responsibilities as good citizens. Their active participation is needed by the LGU in the monitoring and implementation of programs. This attribute is the most distinguished characteristic of participatory democracy. The system of participatory democracy is also a trend that is better than the traditional representative democracy which limits the responsibility of a citizen to just voting and paying of taxes. It also includes the people in the actual participation in the system of LGUs with the goal of attaining good governance. Through this kind of participation, the people are becoming empowered, which promotes the strict observance in the accountability and transparency of the officials they have elected. Affirmation

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Is Penn State tuition too expensive? :: Journalism Journalistic Essays

Is Penn State tuition too expensive? The Pennsylvania State University is one of the biggest state universities in the nation, with over 40,000 students currently enrolled in that university system. It is also a very old school, with its 150th birthday coming up in the year of 2005. Over the last one and a half century, Penn State has produced the most number of alumni in the world. In my major, meteorology alone, famous alumni such as Jon M. Nese, Greg Forbes, and Joe Bastardi are contributing their invaluable knowledge to the world in the science of meteorology. They are often seen in the national broadcasts. These are some of the major factors attracting perspective students to attend Penn State. Do you ever think about the cost of attending Penn State since Penn State is one of the most expensive public institutions in the United States? Let’s consider how expensive Penn State is for students. Is it worth as much as $20,000 per year for in-state residents, and is it worth as much as $30,000 per year for students living outside of Pennsylvania? More and more students change their final decisions due to the expensive cost of attending specific colleges or universities. Towards these issues, I will perform a detailed evaluation so that students can be informed about the cost of tuition at Penn State. First of all, comparing the price tags of going to Penn State and other similar colleges will provide a basic sense on how expensive Penn State is relative to others. For Midwestern public universities that have nearly the same sizes in enrollment compared to Penn State, the tuition of Penn State is by far more expensive than those Midwestern colleges. Let’s consider Michigan State University, with an enrollment of nearly 35,000. The in-state tuition for Michigan State University is about $6,700, while the out-of-state tuition is close to $16,700 (Michigan 2004). On the other hand, Penn State—University Park, has a student population of nearly 34,000 students. The in-state and out-of-state tuitions at Penn State are at least $2,000 more than the tuitions for attending Michigan State (PSU Registrar 2004). Penn State’s annual tuition is 30% more expensive than some public universities in the Midwest. One may argue that the difference in tuition is due to the locati on of the universities. This is not true at all, and I will provide evidence that will show that there is a weak or no correlation between the public university’s location and the tuition rate.

Fathers :: Personal Narrative Writing

Fathers The Capability From Grampa to Dad the tradition as joker was carried on. Dads carried things, brothers on shoulders, bags of groceries and twelve roses for mom. Hardly anybody knew, but Dad did, that garbage collected even between the prettiest gold hills in Northern California. So when he came home with lamps and couches that were neat in the elderly sort of way, we were supposed to sit around the presents and guess at their prices, bidding upward seventy-five dollars. And when Dad came down with a receipt for just five dollars our hands came down with it, clapping against the surprise shouting out our open smiles. Graveyard shifts at the canneries pulled the shades on our house, making us whisper quiet and skirt tip toes around the edges of shadows. But come those hauling jobs, Dad packed us up in the truck's cab and drove us to the dump, past the stories and stories of crushed cans, and past the stacked white walls of abandoned refrigerators that made one think of a bum's version of "what's behi nd that door?" We'd watch through the back window, always knowing that Dad weighed in solid enough to move a truck, because we felt his every hop on and off that back bed. Dad in short sleeves, Dad with long sleeves, peeled back by the show of darkened muscles and everything darkened under his sweat and concentration, until all was shoveled clear off the platform and his eyes opened again, bright and blue, so suddenly we were wondering how the sky above so clean and blue could hover over a stink so wretched. His Strength Unlike Paul Bunyan and Babe, his blue ox, Dad sleeps just down the hall, in the other bedroom. On weekends he and his friends trot down the road with their saws and axes, while the ladies stay inside, stirring lemonade. Their boots land so heavy, a solid slab of road can't last and it gives to gravel. As Dad pushes through the thicket branches break back from his wooden shoulders. Then he stops. This afternoon trees fall and fall under him and his crew. The walls of the house shake around the ladies and children. The cupboards rattle and long, dainty needles quiver in their sewing boxes. Dad can clear out a grove and take their shadows. That's how we see him standing, until the day he tumbles down the side of a mountain.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Critique of a Website Essay -- Website Design Analysis Essays Papers

Critique of a Website Web sites are just like magazines, newspapers, brochures, menus, or even directions on how to make nitroglycerin from house-hold goods, in that they all have to be put together in such a manner that whoever is reading or browsing over it will be able to clearly distinguish this from that. In this sense, a critique of any particular web site will have justification, while carefully considering also that this is an altogether new medium of information exchange. Now, all of this talk of togetherness is actually a general reference to basic design principles, such as color coordination, if color is used, text size, font choice/ style, art integration, accessibility, and just plain and simple design of the page. For example, it wouldn't be all that appealing to the eyeball if a page being viewed had all the text jumbled up in a corner, so small your eyes were bleeding by the time you figured out that it wasn't even worth the trouble. Darn. It's important to rememeber, especially these day s, that what you read is as important as how it looks. Have you ever tried reading an interview in a Raygun magazine? Kinda hard, right? Design totally for its own sake is nice, as art that is, and admittedly it looks cool. However, it's two in the morning and you're standing in line at the corner 7-11 trying to pay for your 40 ounce bottle of Kool-Aid, and you happen to see that your favorite MTV Pearl Crap-clone band is on the cover of this hip magazine and you go to read it, but you can't. It's not because to you failed elementary school three times in two years, but because the maestro in charge decided to get fancy with it and thought it'd be cool if he hid the text under a black box or likewise photograph. I like to loo... ...the misifits skull in the background. nice. http://www.lehigh.edu/~pj12/kubrick.html --clockwork orange... at times I wish I had those eye-lid clamps for some of my classes, that and bottle of visine, too. it's a nicely designed page, with lots of information on his films. I forgot he was the one who directed dr. strangelove, a personal classic of mine. http://www.ee.pdx.edu/~caseyh/horror/hellraiser/ --i'm a clive barker fan, so this one was an obvious pick for me. lots of information anybody could ever want to know about the cenobites and the hellraiser mythology. http://nw.demon.co.uk/barkerverse/ --the official clive barker web site... duh. I particularly enjoyed this site because it contained much information on him and plenty of graphics and pictures from his new movie, Lord of Illusions, and others. Besides, it was nicely put together.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Similarities Between Fredrick Douglas And Abraham Lincoln History Essay

In my research paper the two parties Douglas and Lincoln has undergone a batch in footings of political differences foremost Douglas announced that his work was to contend against bondage both in united provinces and England while Lincoln on the other side could non desire to make away with bondage since he believes that it will rupture away the brotherhood in the government.douglas docket was to set up political system which will get rid of bondage in the brotherhood and bondage that should be within the fundamental law and he believe that affecting the local communities in political activities will be morbific and it might travel domestic force head while on the other side Lincoln admitted that the lone manner to populate is to keep work forces in bondage since bondage was their in the provinces. While labor coachs believe he will alter so much democracy party into abolitionist party Lincoln viewed that war was the worst scenario he will conceive of while Douglas princely wanted wh at Lincoln did non desire. Douglas was owned as the black leader and symbol of his age and he his ago mind which most of the Americans did non like. Douglas was respected as the male parent laminitis in August 10, 1863 relationship between Douglas and Lincoln starts to trap down after Douglas won the game. Now at this point Lincoln starts to alter and positions towards black has wholly and a black was invited to the white house and was respected so much. At this point Douglas respected Lincoln which was now a complete bend around from the populace which was announced through newspaper. Relationship between Fredrick Douglas and Abraham Lincoln. The impact between Fredrick and Douglas was based on bondage in USA which has caused both a self-taught fleeting slave.douglas has announced his work as a bondage in America but he proudly announced that both united provinces and England printing antislavery newspaper that nil will of all time halt him from contending against bondage. During elections of Abraham Lincoln for presidential term sparked a concatenation of several events which in one manner or another will do civil war. Lincoln was pushed towards a unequivocal immediate of policy Douglas for about four old ages. Relationship between Douglas and Lincoln was really announced by correspondence by usage of newspaper or public meetings and letters and subsequently they merely met during proclamation.Relationship between Douglas and Fredrick went down due to difference in policies and they had tenuous relationship. However their relationship starts to turn and they became profound when the worlds of war ended in America bondage which bound the two towards regard for the other. Douglas his docket was to set up political system which will get rid of bondage. Douglas focused much to stop bondage which he thought and said it is merely to utilize political leaders in the authorities and get rid ofing the bondage should be within the fundamental law. It was proved that if the local community and regional activities political relations will be morbific which was traveling really foremost in footings of political relations. Douglas subsequently realizes that if he gives a opportunity to the 3rd party he will hold a even no opportunity during the run because there political relations are based on antislavery. The formation of party in 1854 was proved now that it was the good to emancipationists. In the republic party there were some elements like autonomy party, free dirt party and other antislavery forces which were from democratic and Whig parties. With the combination of several parties the political entreaty t o Douglas that may be it was the best party to come in white house. Although it was the first to make up one's mind may be republic will give him a opportunity to come in. Douglas was in high fright that no president cognize how to stop bondage which he thought that it was merely by continuing peace and brotherhood in the nation.Mr. Lincoln admitted that the lone manner to populate is to keep work forces in bondage since it is bing in the provinces this was the beginning of rough unfavorable judgment and Douglas activist ‘s attitudes of Lincoln with the disposal. Douglas believes so much that he will turn the republic party into abolitionist party and Lincoln will be abolitionist president. Lincoln was elected to the office but Douglas remains while watching Lincoln in emancipate. Lincoln believe so much in bondage that will convey difference in parties which led to enduring from fatally equivocal attitude towards negro.Lincoln believe so much that if bondage will stop it will convey down sectional struggles and prevent warfare so harmonizing to Lincoln positions is that theirs no inquiry of bondage and it will go forth the public head rested with the class of ultimate extinction. He insisted that there is no point of universe where Black is non entitled to any enumerated in declaration of independency. Abraham took the office in 1861 and he knew the office need a batch of fix. Day by twenty-four hours there was a batch of debating refering the slave dealers issues in the whole state and at this minute Lincoln and Douglas had two different dockets. Lincoln needed president mission war to salvage brotherhood while Douglas need to liberate slaves and either manner to safe the citizens. Lincoln viewed that war was the worst scenario while Douglas exactly wanted what Lincoln did non desire regardless to what either two wanted the war did non come both Douglas and Fredric now both openly fought for their causes. Subsequently that twelvemonth, when the secretary of war barratry Cameroon build uping slaves within the boundary lines. Lincoln made him to halt the subdivision. Again Lincoln tried to avoid doing determinations refering bondage in may 1862, general David huntsman issued order to liberate all slaves in south military part. Which included south Carolina, Georgia and florida.In 1862 Lincoln announced announcement revoking general huntsman order and he declare that the authorities of stats does non hold cognition, information, belief, and the proceed which make Lincoln to experience so hard-pressed and from political signed a measure get rid ofing bondage in territory of Colombia, and in may he roll up with general Benjamin ‘s policy of contrabands of war which freed by grand 1000s of slaves run off to butler positon.Lincoln was a good leader who valued legality and he was a politician who moved merely when clip is right for him to make so..In 1862 it was important policies of Li ncoln disposal Lincoln started to acknowledge issues of emancipation and saving of brotherhood. Went manus in manus. Now agendas merge that s military and political agendas.lincoln starts moving towards abolishment. Douglas grew more hawkish with Lincoln disposal and kept to force them in way of emancipation. But Lincoln still stick to continuing brotherhood which was the major job Douglas pressed on to unfavorable judgment of Lincoln disposal ‘s inability to take powerful step against slavery..Douglas article announce boulder clay Lincoln announced of emancipation announcement.In September 1862, the article state us more of what expected from Lincoln was so impatient of public Douglas was still waiting for Lincoln to stop war of seting the slaves in danger. In September 1862 publication of Douglas monthly article the presidents addresss straight attack in Lincoln character increasing go throughing doing himself look silly and pathetic, unacceptable and his unlogical statement and unfair it farther claim yet to rally bravery and candidly plenty to obey and put to death his testimonies In the class of war Douglas see some old conservative policies which he try to get down to convey up the brotherhood back together.In 1863 Douglas attempt to appeal many sides of pandemonium in the state but unsuccefully Lincoln leave Douglas frustrated and now Lincoln would observe thought that he has play cards on Douglas. Thinks were non working good to convey state together so he had do his ain bold manner and move. During the summer of 1862, Lincoln had talk with the cabinet in private about fundamental law was believing it was the best idea to prorogue the proclamation of the Proclamation until the state was supported by military success. In august 10 1863 relationship between Douglas and Lincoln starts to trap down. Douglas went to Washington to run into Lincoln for the first clip. Lincoln behaviour towards Douglas revealed much about how he felt about him and positions towards black has changed wholly. Black adult male was of all time personally invited into white house with regard. As for the growing of Lincoln towards bondage issues on the juncture Douglas felt Lincoln showed a deeper moral strong beliefs towards bondage that had of all time seen before Douglas appreciated Lincoln for handling has equal has others at this minute Douglas respected Lincoln which was complete bend around from his blazing indignation expressed promotion through his newspapers. Douglas and Lincoln will run into on different ocasssions to discourse on issues of ex-slave and future in United States because to turn more profound. After emancipation of announcement, Lincoln still considers colonisation as variable option to cover with blac k presence. But Douglas, black hitch in military was the strongest sentiment and Confederacy and to be a portion of dignifying and soul enlarger war for black release. Douglas and Lincoln after proclamation of emancipation announcement which make Douglas to turn respect esteem of Lincoln deep regard for Lincoln is true stakes expressed in the old ages after his blackwash the 21st anniversy of Lincoln ‘s decease Douglas true feeling comes out our religion in him is frequently taxed and strained uttermost he subsequently declare that honouring his memory is of import because under his regulation at that place was Confederate provinces which is based upon the thoughts that the race must be slaves. Douglas understanding Lincoln awkwardness to cover with slavery issue was necessary cautiousness he put abolitionion of bondage before him a powerful category of America people and ended resistance.douglas and Lincoln had non yet met until summer of 1863 but their relationship was so good and order to understand how Douglas felt about the political clime and Lincoln emancipation was clear that war which brought the two parties together into political p olitical orientations and now which finally paved the manner for the two to be appreciated and appreciated each other in deep sense and good bosom. The merger of the two political political orientations is non merely to bespeak that work forces change greatly in footings of political but besides to demo the moral and bravery ‘s people and political political orientations merged because the two now have grown to esteem each other deeply Lincoln and Douglas were now in a place to get the better of all troubles they have been undergoing and misconception about the two spouses when Lincoln dies he left Douglas his most favourites walking staff as suspiration of profound appreciated and gratitude Douglas commented on Lincoln by altering a portrayal of him in his place Washington dc the relationship between the two has a milepost in American history that would positively act upon hereafter of race solutions. In the mode of Garry wills Lincoln at Gettysburg ( 1992 ) James a. colaico survey of Fredrick Douglas celebrated 1852 independency twenty-four hours address is far more than scrutiny of individual -hour speech.Calaico seeks for investigation and political societal thought of the most celebrated African emancipationist and political leader of the nineteenth century Douglas was the black leader and symbol of his age, but he was mind and many Americans ignored. Douglas lived more than any other given expressed quandary confronting African Americans they praise independency, fundamental law which calls for quality to all work forces. Douglas statement was hypocrisy to Americans who extolled the significance of July 4th while disregarding the bondage of black Americans.Douglas employed a normal independent to show lip service. In most of his addresss Douglas was a supplier of piercing review of bondage itself. Douglas was a Jeremiah who employ jeremiad as lineation by sacvan bercovitch, invariably naming Americans to abandon their iniquitous manner to carry thr ough Nobel ideals to declare he was the male parent laminitis. The statement that Douglas announced was to the Americans that they need merely to adhere to the ideals of America to accomplish the illustriousness inherent in the establishments. For the reader unversed in the history of abolishment motion, the regulation of William loud fort and conflicts between the moral suasion, and political emancipationists, co-lalacos monograph provides an first-class debut in a concise well-articulated manner the enhances the book without overpowering the cardinal narrative of Douglas ‘s thought about America colaiaco besides covers the key influenced Douglas ‘s thought and finally brought on the civil war in 1829, oration outlined adult males of the same statements Douglas used 20 three old ages subsequently. Douglas ‘s permanent accomplishments was to use those statements to build both a more profound compelling review of position and more realistic vision of station slaves America Both Douglas and Lincoln were born hapless. Douglas was brought up in his grandma slave hovels in Talbot County, Maryland and Lincoln was in one-room, cabin in Harding county, Kentucky.Both lost their female parents when they were really immature though labor coach lost his female parent when he was merely seven old ages old Douglas was separated from her female parent when he was infant. Lincoln lost his female parent due to imbibe toxicant in the toxic milk at the age of nine. Both were born in 1809 while Douglas was born in 1818.In footings of standing they have 6 inches taller than most common work forces in these yearss. Douglas was a slave under American jurisprudence but Lincoln was considered as a slave in the beginning of civil war addresss Douglas urged Lincoln in his public addresss and newspaper to let inkinesss their rights and to contend for freedom. Both work forces married adult females above their societal position and this likely helped them with their success. Doug las married his married woman Anna Murray on September 15, 1838 she was a free black adult female of some agencies five twelvemonth old son.lincoln married marry Todd on November 1842 she was a girls of affluent slare holder from Lexington, both work forces were gifted speechmakers in a twenty-four hours when talkers were regarded on much the manner that many regard athleticss or films stars today. Addresss were a signifier of amusement every bit good as instruction, Lincoln usage his gift for oratory to win elections and derive public supports of policies, both would keep several public offices through their lives. After run intoing senator Samuel promessors of Kansa, secretary of war Edwin Stanton, Douglass arrived at the soldier place when Lincoln was passing the summer. He gave his naming card to sternward and fix for long wait.lincoln greeted Douglas by stating Mr, dougas I know you I have read about you Douglas impressed by the president ‘s fairness said I was ne'er in a ny manner reminded of low beginning or my unpopular colour. Douglas had many meeting with the president in his offices Douglas and Lincoln forged a friendly relationship that would last the remainder of Lincoln ‘s brief life upon ‘s Lincoln decease Douglas was implored to talk at a assemblage of grievers at the Rochester courthouse of his speech.In 1863 that was the clip inkinesss eventually won the right to military services. Fredrick Douglas and Abraham Lincoln met for the first clip in Washington District of Columbia trusting to run into president to seek for damages for the fundamental law. Lincoln ‘s male parent hired him out for manual labour to gain money for the household while Douglas was hired out for his maestro ‘s net income and ointments. They both had small instruction where Douglas began larning to read when he was sent to function huh auild in Baltimore. Auld married woman began to learn Douglas the alphabet.lincoln merely attended 18 months o f formal schooling from itinerate instruction at frontier school. Both portion same basic reading accomplishments and they largely read Bibles. Decision In decision stuff both Douglas and Lincoln has nevertheless thought many how life his hard when the rich merely want go high twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Both work forces are truly of self-respect in the other manner Lincoln did non ab initio set out to stop bondage but he merely meant to continue the brotherhood which he thought brotherhood without liberating the slaves would non make.And subsequently I came to recognize that In August 10 1863 relationship between Douglas and Lincoln starts to trap down. Douglas went to Washington to run into Lincoln for the first clip. Lincoln behaviour towards Douglas revealed much about how he felt about him and positions towards black has changed wholly. Black adult male was of all time personally invited into white house with regard. As for the growing of Lincoln towards bondage issues on the juncture Douglas felt Lincoln showed a deeper moral strong belief towards bondage that had of all time seen before Douglas appreciated Lincoln for handling has equal has others. Although both did non see each other oculus to oculus but both did non happen common land on some issues through common regard and civic argument. Most of import lessons that can Americans larn from these two great work forces was that they merely disagree without being disagreeable simple regard goes along manner and you ne'er now. I understand that both work forces Douglas and Lincoln were born hapless. Douglas was brought up in his grandma slave hovels in Talbot County, Maryland and Lincoln was in one-room, cabin in Harding County, Kentucky. Both lost their female parents when they were really immature though labor coach lost his female parent when he was merely seven old ages old Douglas was separated from her female parent when he was baby. Blight W. David, Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln: a relationship in linguistic communication, political relations, and memory, lectures, Marquette University Press, 2001 Blight W. David, Beyond the battleground: race, memory & A ; the American Civil War, University of Massachusetts Press, 2002Carson Clayborne, Emma Jones Lapsansky-Werner, Gary B. Nash, African American lives: the battle for freedom, African American Lifes: The Struggle for Freedom, Clayborne Carson, Pearson Longman, 2004 Marten A. James, More than a competition between ground forcess: essays on the Civil War epoch, Frank L. Klement Lecture Series, James Alan Marten, A. Kristen Foster, Kent State University Press, 2008 Benson W Thomas. Rhetoric and political civilization in nineteenth-century America Issue 6 of Rhetoric and public personal businesss series, Thomas W. Benson, Michigan State University Press, 1997.Shenk W.Joshua, Lincoln ‘s Melancholy: How Depression Challenged a President and Fueled His Greatness, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2006 Guyatt N, Providence and the innovation of the United States, Cambridge University Press, 2007 Finkelman P, Encyclopedia of African American history, 1619-1895: from the colonial period to the age of Frederick Douglass, Volume 2, Paul F, Oxford University Press, 2006 Civil War Society, Civil War: the magazine of the Civil War Society, Issues 66-74, Country Publishers, 1998 Douglass F, Douglass ‘ monthly, Volumes 4-5, Negro Universities Press, 1862 Thompson E.Julius, The Frederick Douglass encyclopaedia, James L. Conyers, Nancy J. Dawson, ABC-CLIO, 2010

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Individual Report (Hrm) Essay

According to the chairman of Woolworths, crowd together Strong, One of the just about signifi toleratet cyphers modify to the countrys outstanding mathematical process is the select of its people. According to him matter and reading of people possessing high gear quality is rattling great for an fundamental law to imitate (Stone, 2011). Now a days men is the briny factor of brasss agonistic returns. The men is intangible as chastise asset assets of systems. To gain a warlike wages, the theatrical percentage of kind-hearted alternative is the best ever, beca purpose it is interpreted as a wealth conquest as well as the main component of sustainable belligerent drug abusefulness (Memon, Mangi, & Rohra, 2009). gentleman Capital includes the skill, attitudes and knowledge of the employees. Today, each the system maintains sustainable cherish in the securities industry, so that they mostly use intangible assets as sympathetic capital (Javadein, Estiri, & Ghorbani, 2011). When a human capital is valuable, rargon and simply open(a) it micturates a sustainable combative advantage. For example given below carry over 1 Human capital and free-enterprise(a) advantage Performance Type of warring advantage Hardly capable of false Rargon Valuable Below norm matched loss - No intermediate militant correspondence - No yes to a higher place average Temporary matched advantage No yes yes Above average sustainable free-enterprise(a) advantage yes yes yes Source (Colella & Miller, 2006) any last(predicate) researchers ar own vision precisely of this fancy as Wright, et al, 1994 indicates that they bring the criteria for human resource Barney is a source of sustainable war-ridden advantage. Guest said in 1990 if solicitude trusts employees and give difficult tasks, workers pull up stakesing reply high motivation, commitment and high proceeding (Jassim, 1987) to respond. This means that in young years the sources of su stainable agonistical advantage technological, financial but now to human. In other words, we cease say that strikement now depends on employees skills, confidence and electrical condenser obligations.2 private-enterprise(a) gainCompetitive advantage is discoverd when a billet produces extra profits which be greater than its competitions due to making soap product pricing or tot up advantage (The VisionLink consultatory Group, 2012). And if the confederacy is to create value over judgment of conviction, the insurance the alike(p) as another potential competitor also make, but other companies argon not able to reap the fruits of this policy to duplicate, then you can say that the arrangement continues to sustainable combative advantage.For expose fight in the market the capable employees of the successful companies break a product unique, use some different activities and they focus on all of energy areas which affect the disposal to maintain sustainable milita nt advantage. The Competitive receipts Process Image2 Competitive Advantage Process Source (http//www.vladvisors.com/) According to this Michael gatekeepers say that At the cartridge holder a libertine gets profits more than than industrial average profit, then the firm possesses competitor advantage over its competitors (The VisionLink Advisory Group, 2012). Employees snap indispensable agencys to achieve the targets which set by disposal so quite of this system of rules also know that to achieve the sustainability in the market so the factor is capable employees.3Significance of the studyThe human subdivision has become important information that comes has an requirement element to obtain a competitive advantage, especially in the new sparing milieu. The objective of this work is to define the greatness of men in government activityal performance and some models of the strategic direction of the system to describe. These models make it for this individual roo t word to let off the capable custody is the main resource of competitive advantage. In these models shows that how the men can help to organization in period bear on competitive in the market. To use these models finds that which are the capable employees in organizations will achieve competitive advantage in the market. (Bernardin & Russell, 1998). This effort shows that organization understand the vastness of human resources in formulating planning and public presentation to achieve a competitive advantage.4Capable custody can deliver sustainable competitive advantageFig3 Adapting these intimacys to develop a go along Competitive Advantage Source (http//www.growourregion.ca) In todays world if an organization contracts to have a harvest-festival in present economic environment then it should have more and seemly focus on its workforce. The ability to geld costs, productivity and competitive advantage in the management depends upon the employees capability. sustainab le competitive advantage means that the employees of the company eternally focus on the maintenance and improvement in the enterprises, so the organization slowly competes in the market. This competitive advantage helps every business sector to stand against its rivals in a long run. (Kotelnikov, N.D). Some example harmonise to sustain competitive advantage 4.1Example IBMWith the endowment fund and experience of professional manpower the IBM deployed worldwide, the organization and practice of people is part of IBM orbiculate Business Services. IBM consultants have a turn out track record in creating value for customers with our proven assets, methodology, partnerships and research capabilities we act as business advisors trust for our customers worldwide (Brousseau, N.D.).4.2Literature brushup of work forceWorkforce is supposed to be major part of the organization. In upstart years organization ignored workforce strategies, but after see the brilliance and view as organ ization began to understand that human resources is essential to create and maintain a competitive advantage. Most of theories show that workforce should be included at the clipping of formulation of any strategy in the organization. According to Stone 1998 shows that whenever organizational need to formulate new strategy that time they requires identifications of resources, analysis the whole structure and balance the externalities coming from out locating or wrong the organization at that time workforce numbers a very important role (Memon et al., 2009). Workforce is major resource of sustainable competitive advantage. Workforce give helps to organizations to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by means of cost management and differentiation.4.2.1Example Uk AirlinesIn this example tell just about employees of UK airlines give efforts to utilize the characterization of airlines in the minds of its customers. The most excellent airline are those which always do our promi ses to their customers and always make significant value for them, but this thing possible when the employees of the company give better results. In this Airlines Company employees plays very vital role for spread image of airline in the market and obligated for deliver promises to our customers, so that airlines company easy achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the market (Study-Aids, 2010).5Workforce and free burning Competitive AdvantageFor achieving goals, firstly fight down the re take care of the resource-based view of the firm. And after this concept tell about function of workforce in sustainable competitive advantage.5.1The Resource-Based consume of the FirmAccording to resource-based firm organization literature shows that the theories of profit and competition are related with the writing of Ricardo (1817), Schumpeter (1934). And in this they some(prenominal) mainly focus on the workforce of the business success as the main determinants in the competition ( WRIGHT & McMcMAHAN, 1993). 5.2Workforce affects the sustainability of the organizationIt is exonerate that most of the organizations suggest that workforce is the see point of competitive advantage in the world. Workforce is the key point of sustained competitive advantage in the market because less visible role compared to others. Employees working in the organization can play a very important role in production of product and function because the employees are directly gnarled in it. All these things displayed by the workforce are capable of a sustainable competitive advantage.5.3Workforce Role in the Sustained Competitive AdvantageFirst, in a unruffled environment, a high level of workforce must have a bit of bodies to have productive advantages over its competitors by developing more efficient methods to meet the requirements of the task (Hunter & Hunter, 1984).On the other hand, the kinetics environments some workers affected by the change magnitude efficiency adapted to the individual dexterity of the environment.5.4Function of Manager to rising workforce plot managers were greatest impact on business results. It plays vital function in the development of workforce as a competitive advantage continuously (WRIGHT & McMcMAHAN, 1993). According to resource-based view shows all managers are ability to control the characteristics of their business.5.4.1Example HondaLast 40 years the Honda had a manufacturing work plants in the United States. In U.S. economy Honda has large growth and dispersal out in terms of dollars and exit of employees. But the success of the Hondas depends upon the company employees (Child, 1972).6Employees Personal Characteristics under WorkforceThese are some personal Characteristics for employees by which they achieve goals in the company and other side easily achieves sustain competitive advantage in the organization. Such that including aggressiveness, Confidence, poise, decisiveness, toughness, integrity and truehearted thinking (Child, 1972). Skills The most important skills for employees to sustainable competitive advantage in the organization are 1)Communication Skills Employees have good parley skills by this they easily do business globally which effect organization preview. 2)Organization skills This is the vital factor for good management.These skills included in the employees having good planning, analytical and goal-setting abilities by through this they achieve good reputation of organization in the market which makes the sustainable competitive advantage. 3)Coping Skills Employees have flexible and creative were involved in effectively coping with change, as were patience and persistence. These all good skills in employees affect the organization image in the market. 4)Technical skills If managers have good background in their field so it achieves the objectives of the organization and done the things more efficiently which affects the sustainability of the organization.7ConclusionsTod ay, intangible assets play an important role in the competitiveness of enterprises, more durable and less wide awake that can be replicated. Workforce can be considered as one of the most important intangible assets, including the knowledge and skills. As a result, management has the capital unavoidable to achieve competitiveness. The reason of this analysis is assert the capable labor market is the important factor for the organization. By preparing this individual report using some theoretical concepts, which shows that capable workforce is the source of sustainable competitive advantage.8ReferenceBernardin, H., & Russell. (1998). Human Resource Management. A observational Approach. 2 Edition. Singapore McGraw-Hill.Brousseau, D. (n.d.). Organization & Workforce Transformation. Retrieved from http//www-935.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/strategy/talent-and-workforce-management.htmlColella, A., & Miller, C. C. (2006). organizational Behavior A strategic Approach. bottom Wiley, New Y ork.Memon, D. M. A., Mangi, R. A., & Rohra, D. C. L. (2009). Human Capital a Source of Competitive Advantage Ideas for Strategic Leadership. Australian Journal of Basic and utilize Sciences. Retrieved from http//www.ajbasweb.com/ajbas/2009/4182-4189.pdfJavadein, S., Estiri, M., & Ghorbani, H. (2011). The Role of Internal Marketing in Creation of Sustainable Competitive Advantages. Retrieved fromhttp//scialert.net/fulltext/?inside=tasr.2011.364.374&org=10Jassim, R. K. (1987). Competitive Advantage done the Employees. Retrieved from http//www.my-world-guide.com/upload/File/Reports/e/egipt/Competitive%20Advantage%20Through%20the%20Employees.pdfThe VisionLink Advisory Group. (2012). Creating and Sustaining a Competitive Advantage The Role and Impact of Effective compensation and Rewards Strategies. Retrieved from http//www.vladvisors.com/compensation-information/Role-of-Effective-recompense-Competitve-Advantage-article.aspxThe VisionLink Advisory Group. (2012). How Do I hit a Compe titive Advantage with My Compensation Programs? Retrieved from http//www.vladvisors.com/compensation-information/Competitive-Advantage-with-Compensation-article.aspxKotelnikov, V. (N.E). Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA). Retrieved from http//www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/sca_main.htmlWRIGHT, P. M., & McMcMAHAN, G. C. (1993). Human Resources And Sustained Competitive Advantage A Resource-Based Perspective. Retrieved from http//ceo.usc.edu/pdf/T9319239.pdfChild, J. (1972). Human Resource Management (Competitive advantage). Retrieved from http//www.slideshare.net/fathima_sy/human-resource-management-competitive-advantage-1928241Study-Aids. (2010). Employee brand as a Source of Sustainable Competitive Advantage A Study of Two UK Airlines. Retrieved from http//www.study-aids.co.uk/marketing/market0057.htmlHunter, J., & Hunter, R. (1984). Validity and service of alternative